Question

Cardiovascular disorders and conditions Define, list signs and symptoms, alleviating factors and describe typical ECG findings for Indigestion, Angina and Myocardial Infarction. Criteria Indigestion Angina Myocardial Infarction

3.1) Definition

3.2) Signs and Symptoms

3.3) Alleviating factors

3.4) ECG Findings

Answer 1

ANGINA :

Definition: when there is a reduce blood flow to the heart, it may experience a pain which is known as angina.

Signs and Symptoms:

• Chest pain ( the person who experiences this pain may feel like squeezing or pressure over the chest)
• pain can also be found in arms, neck, shoulders.
• nausea
• fatigue
• shortness of breath
• sweating
• dizziness.

Alleviating Factors: apart from medication, lifestyle change is very important like,

• reduce the limited amount of saturated fat and trans fat.
• include whole grains, lean meats, low fat, dairy products.
• practice exercise which is not too strenuous like walking and jogging.
• avoid stress full situation and engage in meditation.

ECG Findings: in this condition, most of the people show normal ECG during the period of attack and after rest, this may vary.

• reversed ST segment is the major finding.

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION:

Definition: Myocardial Infarction is also known as a heart attack. It occurs when the blood flow reduces or stop to a part of the heart which damages the heart muscles.

Signs and Symptoms:

• chest pain ( radiating to the left arm, lower jaw, neck, back, and upper abdomen)
• sweating
• shortness of breath
• fainting
• vomiting

Alleviating Factors:

• include polyunsaturated fat ( walnut oil, fish such as salmon)
• then the usual lifestyle changes ( cessation of smoking and alcoholism, reduce oil food and junk foods)

ECG Findings:

• increase biomarkers
• increase ST segment
• change in the shape of T and Q waves

INDIGESTION:

Definition: As the word indicates it occurs due to lack of proper digestion/pain in the upper abdomen due to lack of digestion.

Signs and Symptoms:

• burning sensation
• feeling uncomfortable
• flatulence
• nausea
• vomiting

Alleviating Factors:

• do not eat with mouth open
• drink beverages after food
• avoid late night eating
• relax after meals
• avoid spicy food
• avoid alcohol

ECG Findings:

no changes in the finding it will be normal.