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Under what circumstances is the phi-coefficient used? When one variable consists of ranks and the other is regular, numerical scores When both variables consists of ranks When one variable is dichotomous and the other is regular. numerical scores

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Answer-> (C) when both X and Y are dichotomous variables. The chi-square test is used in association of dichotomous variable that is it is used in correlating the two categories of variables like binary variable then we can calculate the coefficient from the phi-coefficient and the phi-coefficient can be used to find the correlation between two binary or dichotomous variable and this can be done through an SPSS method Example to relate dichotomous variable can be considered as Gender(Male or Female ) and Vote(Yes or NO), so if we consider this scenario then Gender can be either male or female and voting can be either yes or no. Hence Gender and Vote here are the binary or dichotomous variable which are used in finding the correlation between them we use phi square test.

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