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1. An important paper published by Granchi et al. summarizes therapeutic potential of lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors (Curr

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a) Under anaerobic condition(oxygen is unavailable), fermentation will takes place in animal cells. This fermentation will results in the production of lactic acid. During exercise, oxygen will become acarce in mammalian skeletal muscle cells. So there is no oxygen available for further oxidising the pyruvate produced during glycolysis. Due to this reason muscle cells convert pyruvate in to lactic acid through a reduction reaction. Once it reaches the blood, some of the lactic acid passes through the liver, where it gets reoxidized to pyruvate and then to CO2 aerobically or back to glucose. Under aerobic condition, enough oxygen is available for further oxidising the pyruvate to acetyl coA to enter TCA cycle for the generation of high energy co enzymes such as NADH, FADH2 etc.

b) The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid would be affected by the action of lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors. By the action of lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors, pyruvic acid and NADH gets accumulated in the cell.

c) Plasmodium falciparum is the causative organism for deadly disease malaria. The Lactate dehydrogenase in Plasmodium falciparum, also called as Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (PfLDH) is considered as a potential target for PfLDH inhibitors. It includes several antimalarial drugs. By inhibiting the lactate dehydogenase these inhibitors or drugs prevent the production of energy molecules such as ATP in Plasmodium falciparum cells which eventually leads to the death of the organism.

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