Question

1- emphasizes behavior as varying according to what is going on in the person's immediate environment, as opposed to the emphasis by trait theorists on consistency in the behavior across situations.

a. Empiricism b. Environmental causation c. Determinism d. Situational specificity

2-Which of the following does the Little Albert study suggest about human emotion?

a. That it can be conditioned, in other words, that humans can learn, through their environment to have emotional reactions to largely neutral stimuli. b. That it cannot be conditioned. That emotion is only elicited by things in the environment that can truly cause harm to a person. c. That nothing can be done about a conditioned fear. d. None of the above.

3- How do we use our understanding of classical conditioning to help people, particularly those with anxiety?

a. We use behaviorism to analyze the anxious thinking that the person has about the feared situation/thing. b. It helps us understand the condition, but there is little to be done to help a person with anxiety through the behaviorist approach. c. A behaviorist approach can actually increase fear, so other approaches are recommended. d. We can systematically give a person new, more positive, experience of the feared situation/thing, over repeated trials, and "unconditiong" the fear response.

4- Which of the following is true about the contribution of behaviorism to the understanding of human personality?

a. It showed that a comprehensive theory of psychology could be built on scientific evidence and high objective data. b. They drew attention to the influence of the environment on human behavior. c. The stimulated the thinking of nearly every theorist that came after them d. All of the above

5- A personality theorist, for example, hears a teacher complain that a student is lazy. Rather than turn to the student to see if the teacher was correct in the diagnosis, he tries to understand the behaviors of the child and the way the teacher perceived those behaviors. In other words, the theorist looked at the teacher's construction of the situation that led to the complaint of laziness. This personality theorist was most likely a ______________.

a. Cognitive theorist like, George Kelly b. Behaviorist, like B.F. Skinner c. A trait theorist, like Cattell d. An biological theorist, like Plomin

Answer 1

Answer

1. The correct answer is - D

Walter Mischel’s cognitive-affective personality theory countered the previous trait theory, by claiming that situational cues pay an important role in determining behavior or predicting the behavior. He found that behavior is inconsistent across various situations, unlike the trait theories claims.

2. The correct answer is - A

The Little Albert Experiment was initiated or carried out in order to determine whether or not classical conditioning works in humans. And also if it works, then for how long does the conditioning last. So, the study suggested about human emotions that "That it can be conditioned, in other words, that humans can learn, through their environment to have emotional reactions to largely neutral stimuli."

3. The correct answer is - D

In behaviorism, conditioning can be used to disassociate fear responses to a stimulus with a new more calm and positive response.

4. The correct answer is - B

Behaviorism has contributed psychology in many ways, most importantly in explaining how the environment shapes our behavior and influences it.

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