Question

Describe how a DNS poisoning attack works and ways to mitigate one.

Answer 1

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Cache poisoning is a type of attack in which corrupt data is inserted into the cache database of the Domain Name System (DNS) name server. The Domain Name System is a system that associates domain names with IP addresses. Devices that connect to the internet or other private networks rely on the DNS for resolving URLs, email addresses and other human-readable domain names into their corresponding IP addresses. In a DNS cache poisoning attack, a malicious party sends forged responses from an imposter DNS in order to reroute a domain name to a new IP address. This new IP address is almost always for a server that is controlled by the attacker. DNS cache poisoning attacks are often used to spread computer worms and other malware.

There are several measures that enterprises should take to prevent DNS cache poisoning attacks. For starters, IT teams should configure DNS servers to rely as little as possible on trust relationships with other DNS servers. Doing so will make it more difficult for attackers to use their own DNS servers to corrupt their targets’ servers. Beyond limiting trust relationships on the DNS, IT teams should ensure that they’re using the most recent version of DNS. Domain Name Systems that use BIND 9.5.0 or higher include features such as port randomization and cryptographically secure Transaction IDs, both of which help prevent cache poisoning attacks.

In order to further prevent cache poisoning attacks, IT teams should configure their DNS name servers to:

• Limit recursive queries.
• Store only data related to the requested domain.
• Restrict query responses to only provide information about the requested domain.

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