Question

Discussed a chief diagnostic tests for bone, joint, and muscle diseases (one for each).

Answer 1

Chief diagnostic test for bone disease such as osteoporosis:

The bone mineral density (BMD) test is the primary test used to identify osteoporosis that has low bone density and low bone mass. One of the preferred and most accurate ways to measure BMD is Dexa-Scan that is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or DXA which uses a low energy X-ray to evaluate bone density in the hip or spine.

Chief diagnostic test for joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis:

Blood test is done in the individual with rheumatoid arthritis that is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder, because they have an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-reactive protein (CRP), which may indicate the presence of an inflammatory process in the body. So blood tests is done to detect for rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies which is present in most rheumatoid arthritis patient.

Chief diagnostic test for muscle diseases such as polymyositis:

Polymyositis is an autoimmune disorder that attacks body tissues, so causes an inflammatory disease which results in muscle weakness affecting both sides of body.

Electromyography is done in the individual that involves inserting a thin needle electrode through the skin into the muscle which helps in measuring the electrical activity with the relaxation and contracting of the muscle. If any change in the pattern of electrical activity is detected then it can confirm a muscle disease.