Question

Identify the topic sentence, supporting sentence, and concluding sentence in each set.

1. The rate of respiration may be normal, rapid, or slow. The average rate for an adult is 12 to 20 cycles per minute. The average for infants is 30 to 60. For children age one to seven, the rate is 18 to 30 cycles per minute. The number per minute s referred to as the rate of respiration. Medical office workers should be aware of these facts.

2. Gerontology is the study of the aging process. During this process, the chemical composition of the body changes. Among these changes are a decrease in lean body mass and an increase in vulnerability to different diseases. Stress is also an important factor in aging. Stress decreases cardiac output and brain function. As a result, the aging population is more susceptible to infections and accidents.

3. The electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) is recorded picture of the electrical activity of the heart. The EKG may be normal even in the presence of heart disease. It is essential that the EKG be used in conjunction with the patient history, physical exam, and laboratory data. Arrhythmia and dysrhythmia are used interchangeably to denote an abnormal conduction. Electrocardiograms are a necessary component in assessing cardiovascular disease.

4. Communication consists of many types. The spoken work or verbal communication is not the only one. Sometimes people communicate more with actions than with words. A smile or frown, eye contact or lack of it, gestures, postures, touch, and style of dress are expressions of nonverbal communication. In these cases, actions may speak louder than words.

5. Fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals are all necessary nutrients for the body. A person's basal metabolic rate, growth, and physical activity determine the amount of nutrients needed. Nutrition needs change when a person is ill, is taking medications, or has a type of trauma. An imbalance occurs when nutrients are consumed in concentrated forms and reach the point that they do not help. Proper nutrition is important to everyone's health.

Answer 1

Topic is vital signs/respirtaory rate .

Vital signs

Vital signs are used to measure the body's basic functions.

There are four main vital signs: body temperature, blood pressure, pulse and breathing rate. Normal ranges for these signs vary by age, sex, weight and other factors.

Respiration

Respiration is a vital process for the normal function at every level of organization from a cell to an organism;

The respiratory rate is the number of breaths someone takes every minute and is one of the main vital signs, along with blood pressure, pulse, and temperature.

Respiratory rates change based on many health and activity factors. Normal respiratory rates also differ in adults and children.

When a person inhales, oxygen enters their lungs and travels to the organs. When they exhale, carbon dioxide leaves the body. A normal respiratory rate plays a critical role in keeping the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide even.

The normal respiratory rate for healthy adults is between 12 and 20 breaths per minute.

At this breathing rate, the carbon dioxide exits the lungs at the same rate that the body produces it. Breathing rates of below 12 or above 20 can mean a disruption in normal breathing processes.

Normal respiratory ranges in children

Normal respiratory rates for children in breaths per minute are as follows:

• birth to 1 year: 30 to 60
• 1 to 3 years: 24 to 40
• 3 to 6 years: 22 to 34
• 6 to 12 years: 18 to 30
• 12 to 18 years: 12 to 16

How to measure breathing rate?

To determine whether a person’s respiratory rate is normal, it is essential to measure it at rest. exercise or even walking across a room can affect a person’s respiratory rate.

The most common factors that can affect your measured respiratory rate include:

• emotional state
• physical fitness
• internal temperature
• disease and health status

To take an accurate measurement, watch the person’s chest rise and fall. One complete breath comprises one inhalation, when the chest rises, followed by one exhalation, when the chest falls.

To measure the respiratory rate, count the number of breaths for an entire minute or count for 30 seconds and multiply that number by two.

An area at the base of the brain controls breathing. The brain sends signals from the brain to the breathing muscles. Breathing mostly occurs automatically, which means a person does not have to think about it.

Sometimes, the body needs to adjust the breathing rate. Receptors in the brain detect low oxygen or high carbon dioxide and send signals to the body, which can change the breathing rate.

Having an abnormal respiratory rate can indicate a variety of things. In some cases, a high or low respiratory rate is due to an activity, such as exercise, and is not an indication that there is anything wrong.

Sometimes, however, various diseases, injuries, and substances can lead to a change in breathing. In a medical setting, an abnormal respiratory rate, especially if it is too fast, can indicate a health problem.

There are various factors that affect a person’s breathing rate, including injuries, exercise, emotion, mood, as well as a range of medical conditions.

Common causes of high respiration include:

Anxiety: People may breathe faster when they are afraid or anxious. Fast breathing, or hyperventilation, is a common symptom of panic attacks. The fast breathing will usually pass once the anxiety goes away.

Fever: As the body temperature increases with a fever, respiratory rate can also increase. The increase is the body’s way of trying to get rid of the heat.

Respiratory diseases: Various lung diseases, such as asthma, pneumonia, and COPD, can make it difficult to breathe, which can lead to an increase in respiratory rate.

Heart problems: If the heart does not pump properly to get oxygen to the organs, the body may react by breathing faster.

Dehydration: Dehydration can increase breathing rate as the body tries to get energy to the cells.

Factors that can cause a low respiration rate include:

Drug overdose: An overdose of certain drugs, such as narcotics, can depress the breathing drive in the brain leading to low respiration rates.

Obstructive sleep apnea: Sleep apnea involves a blockage of the airway often due to relaxation of the soft tissues in the throat. The blockage causes brief pauses in breathing and may decrease overall respiratory rate.

Head injury: Head injuries can affect the area in the brain that plays a role in breathing, which may cause low respirations.