Question

1. The problem with "homunculus explanations" is:

a) They are too good.

b) They risk an infinite regress.

c) They risk a finite regress.

d) They are too neuroscientific.

2. Asimov's "Three Laws of Robotics" are:

a) An example of how machines are able to override ethical directives provided by humans when it is in the machine's interests to do so.

b) An example of how machines come up with their own ethics when left to their own devices.

c) An example of how machines can come up with intelligence ethical axioms when trained on a large corpus of ethical dilemmas.

d) An example of what might be called an "ethical axiom system".

3. Weisenbaum was alarmed at what he thought his creation proved about AI, namely:

a) That artificial intelligence is not transparent, and so the reasons why it makes its decisions is impossible to know.

b) That an artificial psychotherapist like Eliza was likely to misunderstand human psychology resulting in (potentially thousands of) wrong diagnoses. He came to believe that AI, though useful for other projects like missile defense, should stay out of psychotherapy.

c) That humans would be all too quick to hand over important responsibilities to machines that lacked the wisdom and compassion to make appropriate decisions.

d) That machines could assimilate human level intelligence, and surpass it, in a relatively short time, thus making humans themselves obsolete.

4. According to Bostrom, what’s missing from current AI is generality. By this he means:

a) Though AI is theoretically interesting, it is not thought to be useful for many practical applications.

b) Current AI is unable to generate its own thoughts, but can only proceed according to its programming.

c) Current AI has trouble drawing general conclusions from specific instances.

d) The best currently available AI applications are domain specific applications, e.g. chess players that can only deal with chess problems, not systems that can deal intelligently with any kind of problem.

Answer 1

1. The problem with "homunculus explanations" is:

The correct answer:

b) They risk an infinite regress.

2. Asimov's "Three Laws of Robotics" are:

The correct answer:

d) An example of what might be called an "ethical axiom system".*

^{* I really am not very sure about this answer, that is why I'm providing you with some explanation.}

The Three Laws are:

• A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
• A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
• A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.

3. Weizenbaum was alarmed at what he thought his creation proved about AI, namely:

The correct answer:

c) That humans would be all too quick to hand over important responsibilities to machines that lacked the wisdom and compassion to make appropriate decisions.

4. According to Bostrom, what’s missing from current AI is generality. By this he means:

The correct answer:

d) The best currently available AI applications are domain-specific applications, e.g. chess players that can only deal with chess problems, not systems that can deal intelligently with any kind of problem.

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