![[5] (a) The figure below contains experimental data for the miscibility of the liquids water and nicotine. For an overall com](http://img.homeworklib.com/questions/8d906e00-10c7-11ea-94c4-0ff6a3180996.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_560)
Homework Answers
Ans: The water and nicotine systems under liquid -liquid phase diagrams.
The temperature-composition diagram for the water and nicotine has both upper and lower critical temperatures.
Inside the circle, there are two phases:
one : The water gets saturated in nicotine and
second: The nicotine gets saturated in water.
But, outside the circle, it exhibits only one phase in the mixture because it is miscible.
The number of phases, their composition and their relative sizes at
(i) 50 oC: Number of phases = 1
If the amount of water is very very high than the nicotine then the nicotine will dissolve in the water and the mixture exists as one phase.
If the amount of nicotine is very very high than the nicotine then the water will dissolve in the nicotine and the mixture exists as one phase.
(ii) 100 oC: Number of phases = 2
one : The water gets saturated in nicotine and
second: The nicotine gets saturated in water.
(iii) The molecular reason for the lower consolute temperature (LCT):
The lower consolute temperature or lower critical solution temperature is the critical temperature below which the components of a mixture are miscible for all compositions.
Below the LCT, the mixing of the two liquid is spontaneous and therefore he change in the gibbs free energy is negative.
The change in the entropy mixing is negative. This is in contrast to the more common and intuitive case in which entropies drive mixing due to the increased volume accessible to each component upon heating.
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