Question

10. Types of sampling that groups are selected rather than individuals.

11. Highest value minus the lowest value.         

12. The value that occurs most often in a set of data.  

13. Highest number in cumulative frequency.    

14. Another name for bar graph.  

15. Intersection point between cumulative frequency less than and cumulative frequency greater than.

16. The value obtained by dividing the sum of all the given scores by the total number of observation.

17. The midpoint of the range numbers that are arranged from lowest score to highest score.

18. Summing up of the frequency in the distribution table from lowest to highest group.

19. Width of the class interval.

20. Left column in the class interval.

Answer 1

Cluster Sampling : It is a type of sampling method in which the total population is divided into groups , known as clusters and then Simple Random Sampling of these clusters is selected from the population.

Then, we observe measure and interview each and every unit in the selected clusters. This technique is called Cluster Sampling.

In Cluster Sampling, groups (i,e, clusters) are selected by Simple Random Sampling.

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Range : The difference between the highest value and the lowest value.

For instance, Let {4,5,6,7,8}

here , the highest value is = 8 and

the lowest value is = 4

$\implies$ Range = Highest value - Lowest value = 8 - 4 = 4 .

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Mode : It is the value that occurs most in the data.

Or in other words, we can say that it is the value that has the highest frequency in the data.

For instance, Let some data be as the shoe size that have sold out within 15 days:

Days	Shoe Sizes
1	6
2	5
3	6
4	5
5	5
6	5
7	6
8	7
9	7
10	8
11	5
12	6
13	6
14	5
15	5

Now, we are creating the Frequency Table for above data,

Shoe Size	Frequency
5	7
6	5
7	2
8	1

So, here we can see that Shoe size number "5" has the highest frequency therefore Mode of this table is "5" .

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Cumulative Frequency: It is defined as the running total of frequencies. It is the sum of all previous frequencies to at the current point.

So, from above statement we concluded that the highest number in the cumulative frequency is the sum of total frequencies of the given values in the data.

For instance : let us take a cumulative frequency table for marks of 30 students,

Marks	Number of Students	Cumulative Frequency
0-5	2	2
5-10	8	10
10-15	13	23
15-20	7	30

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Another word for "Bar Graph" is "Rectangular Bar Graph" or "Line Graph" .

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Let us first discuss about "Cumulative frequency less than" and "Cumulative frequency greater than" .

Cumulative frequency less than : In this frequency distribution, the frequencies of all preceding classes are added to frequency of a class. It starts adding from first class to second class up to last class.

Cumulative frequency greater than : In this frequency distribution, the frequencies of all succeeding classes are added to frequency of a class. It starts adding of frequencies from last class to second last up to first class frequency.

The intersection of these two frequency curve results in the value of Median.

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Arithmetic Mean = It is the value of data point as calculated by sum of all given scores divided by number of observations.

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Mid-range : It is a measure of central tendency. it is the arithmetic mean (midpoint) of the maximum value and the minimum value that are arranged in an array that are given in the data .

$M = \frac{max +min}{2}$

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Cumulative frequency greater than : In this frequency distribution, the frequencies of all succeeding classes are added to frequency of a class. It starts adding of frequencies from last class to second last up to first class frequency.

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Width of the class interval : It is the difference between the upper class or lower class limits of the consecutive classes .

The lower limit for every is the smallest value of that class

and the upper limit for every class is the highest value of that class.