Question

1.Explain recycling of proteins and wasted proteins .
2. Also, discuss high quality, low quality, and complementary proteins
3. Why do people take protein supplement? Are they safe and beneficial? What are the positive effects of a vegetarian diet?

Answer 1

Ans) 1) Lysosomes in human cells recycle amino acid building blocks by capturing and breaking down malfunctioning proteins. Lysosomes: In the cell, a waste protein (A) is taken up by a lysosome (B). In a process called proteolysis, the waste protein is broken down into the useful building block amino acids.

2) Protein quality can be simply defined by how well or how poorly a given protein can perform its metabolic function in the body. Complete protein sources contain all EAAs and are therefore considered 'high quality', whereas 'low quality' protein sources are incomplete proteins as they do not contain all EAAs.

- Low quality" vs. "high quality" protein does not refer to anything about the linkages between amino acids in proteins. Meat products are typically "high quality" because they contain all of the essential amino acids together.

- Vegetable products (breads, cereals, rice, pasta, dried beans) are considered "low quality protein

- Complementary proteins are two or more incomplete protein sources that, when eaten in combination (at the same meal or during the same day), compensate for each other's lack of amino acids. For example, grains are low in the amino acid lysine, while beans and nuts (legumes) are low in the amino acid methionine.

3) Healthy people can safely drink protein shakes. That said, shakes are not designed to replace meals. It's best to use them between meals and, if you prefer, around your workouts. Many people fear that taking protein supplements in combination with a high-protein diet can harm their health.

- A vegetarian diet has been found to reduce the risk of heart disease, obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes and some types of cancer, leading to a longer life expectancy. It may lead to weight loss. Around 5 percent of people in the United States describe themselves as vegetarian.