Question

Due 11/22/19 20 punts Score (out of 20): al Chemistry Review*) Draw the Lewis structures of perchlorate (CIO). carbonate (CO) sulfate So, and nitrate (NO3). Make sure to give the lowest energy structures by minimizing the formal channes expanded octet molecules and making sure that any positive charges are on electropositive atoms and any contive charges are on electronegative atoms. Remember that if possible a positive and negative formal charge can be cancelled by making double bonds. L . 2 2u S0% 6(4) +2:32 NO; S + 6(3) + 1:24 10)+1=32 CO, 0 - CIE 9 = = 02- 2) Using the structures above, add protons at the proper locations to make perchloric acid (HCIO), carbonic acid (H2CO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and nitric acid (HNO3). 3) Using the CARDINal rule, which of the four effects should allow us to distinguish pK, strength? 4) For the first proton loss for the four acids above, the pK, values are in increasing order -10, -3, -1.3, and 6.35. Match these pK, values to the four molecules and justify your answers using the CARDINal rules. Note that each proton should be coming off of oxygen, so the atom type is of lesser importance, but the central atom size should have some effect for charge stabilization.

Answer 1

Saturday OCTOBER 411287-02 SEPTEMBER 2017 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 2 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 S M T W T F S S M WTFS 2017 Ulu Soy²- NO3- -o No 0 0 HNO3 Huly H₂CO3 o HOS-OH O-N-OH HO-a=0 OK 3. The pka strength of the acids can be predicted based on a stability of conjugate bare formed. - the extent of resonance present in the molecule. - the nature of atom having negitive charge. - the number of t present in an aid. - the size of the central atom 1 15 sunday H,504 Holy 4. Out of the alove four auids, max delocalisation le present in cloul then 45oy then Nos and last co, 2- audie strength too < HNO₃ < Hesoy <Huon - pka =-3 pka = -10 acidic strength - ĐK4 = 6 35 maximum of resonating structure Most stable of 0 0 0 0 t osce o & o-ce o to pka = -13 pkaal H₂ CO₂ maximum 1 2 =