Question

Polar or Nonpolar Bond Angle Molecular Lemois Number of Valence Electrons Electron Pair Geometry Geometry Structure Formula ammonium 199 H.CO 215 0: CH CH, CH, Set C_H_C12

Answer 1

These are 7 questions with 6 sub-parts of each. The first part is answered here. Kindly post the other questions seperately.

1. For ammonium ion : NH₄⁺

a) Number of valence electrons = valence electrons of N + (4x valence electron of H atom) -1 (due to positive charge on the       molecule)

                                                    = 5 + (4 x1) -1

                                                    = 8

Note that valence electrons are the total number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the element.

b) Lewis structure:

HN: H (+) IZ:

c) Electron pair geometry: It is determined by counting the total electron-pairs that is bond pairs and/or lone pairs. How these electron-pairs are arranged around the central atom (here Nitrogen), determines electron -pair geometry.

From the lewis structure of ammonium ion, there are 4 bond-pairs and no lone -pairs. Therefore the Electron pair geometry is tetrahedral.

d) Molecular geometry. It determines the shape of the molecule. If there are no lone -pairs, It is same as electron-pair geometry. Hence The ammonium ion is tetrahedral in shape.

e) Bond angle: For a tetrahedral shape, the bond angle is = 109.5^o.

f) The molecule is clearly polar due to positive charge on it.