Question

What elements should a full health estimate have to investigate the following populations? Indicate the elements that must be included for each one:

a. Pregnant mother

b. Newborn and the child

c. infants

d. teens

Answer 1

Answer :

A) pregnant mother :

• Taking good care of the pregnant mother is the most important day to have a healthy baby .
• In the initial assessment we need to ask for the past medical history and past and present obstetric history to rule out the any abnormalities .
• Advice the pregnant mother to go for HIV and Hbs Ag and VDRL screening
• Ask about her marital history such as consanguinous marriage to rule out the congenital malformation .
• We need to check for congenital abnormalities such as tripple test ( alpha feto protein , hcg , estriol ) which can indicate whether the foetus is risk for congenital abnormalities .
• Advice the mother for regular antenatal visits to rule out the gestational diabetes by checking of .RBS .and gestational hypertension by checking of her BP .
• Investigations such as haemoglobin level to rule out the anaema and urine for albumin sugars for diabetes and preeclampsia .
• Advice the mother to get immunization agaist tetanus that is tetanus toxoid ( 2 DOSES ) .
• ultrasonography to check for foetal growth and development in the woumb ,to know the gestational age of mother , amniotic fluid index and for to rule out congenital defects of foetus and to know the sex of foetus etc .
• We need to check the nutrition status of pregnant mother such as at least she need to gain 12 kgs
• And her Hb levels will be more 12 gms .
• We need to improve the psycjological status of mother .

B) newborn and the child :

• Immediately after birth of the baby ,we need to place thebaby in a prewormed towel and dry the baby to maintain the thermoregulation
• Check for good cry immediately ,it tells about spontaneous breathing of baby
• Take the mucous sucker and suck the baby pulled up secretion over the mouth and nose to facilitate the spontaneous breathing and to clear the airway .
• Administer the oxygen with the help of o2 hood at @ 5 lit / min.
• Check the apgar score
• Check for cleft lip and palate .
• Check for meconium aspiration .
• For the new born baby ,weed to check for the congenital defects .
• Check for the weight ( normal is 2.9 - 4 kgs )
• Administer the. Vit. K injection .
• Initiate the breast feeding as early as possible .

3) infant :

• Check for the adequate growth and development of infant .
• We need to see for developmental mile stones of the infant such as neck holding ,social smile ,sitting ,grasping ,standing ,walking etc .
• Check for the congenital abnormalities
• Advice the mother for exclusive breast feeding up to 6 months and then weaning for the infant .
• Check for malnutrition .
• Check for social ,cognitive ,language and adaptive skills of infant .

D ) teens :

• Teenage is the very important step of the human being whether they choose positive path or negative path .
• Teenage plays important role in every human .
• In teenage ,children have the attraction towards opposit sex and they very much interested to form a groups .
• Nutrition also plays role here ,in teenage children are very concentrated about their fitness maintenance and they fail to achieve nutritional needs in teenage .
• Especially girls ,they are very much interested about their buety and maintenance of figure ,so we need to are for the nutritional needs of teens .
• Teens emotional status also very much confusion ,all the emotions such as happyness ,angry ness ,sad ness ,love all are very high .
• And they are very prone to have depression and psychological upset when they fail to achieve something .
• We need to are the growth and development also .
• There may be a chance for anaemia in teens .