Homework Answers
Ans) Pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM) poisioning
Insecticide poisioning
Sarin poisioning
Overdosage of AChE inhibitors
Explaination:
- Contamination with - or excessive exposure to - certain
chemicals including:
nerve agents, (e.g. sarin, VX, Novichok agents).
organophosphorus insecticides (e.g. parathion)
nicotine poisoning can also present with similar symptoms, as it
also involves excessive parasympathetic stimulation.
- Nicotinic effect on skeletal muscle can cause fasciculation and flaccid paralysis. Nerve gas poisoning can vary in severity from mild to moderate or severe. Acute or chronic exposure to pesticides and insecticides containing organophosphates also can trigger a cholinergic crisis.
- Cholinergic crisis results from an excess of cholinesterase inhibitors (ie, neostigmine, pyridostigmine, physostigmine) and resembles organophosphate poisoning. Both myasthenic crisis and cholinergic crisis may cause bronchospasm with wheezing, bronchorrhea, respiratory failure, diaphoresis, and cyanosis
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What can cause cholinergic crisis? (Select all that apply.) Understimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system Pralidoxime...
Which medications work to inhibit the effects of the parasympathetic system? (Select all that apply.) Atropine...
Which medications work to inhibit the effects of the parasympathetic system? (Select all that apply.) Atropine (AtroPen) Cevimeline (Evoxac) Bethanechol (Urecholine) Physostigmine (Antilirium) Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) What can cause cholinergic crisis? (Select all that apply.) Understimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system Pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM) poisoning Insecticide poisoning Sarin poisoning Overdosage of AChE inhibitors
Autonomic Nervous System Drugs Fill-in-the-Blank Fill in the blank for each of the following statements. 1. The aut...
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Describe the main effects of cholinesterase inhibitors on structures controlled by the autonomic nervous system and...
Describe the main effects of cholinesterase inhibitors on structures controlled by the autonomic nervous system and on skeletal muscle, and state the general mechanism by which these effects occur. Compare and contrast the effects of the cholinesterase inhibitors with those of bethanechol, which was described as the most representative muscarinic agonist (see Chapter 14). State the main clinical uses of cholinesterase inhibitors and precautions for and contraindications to their use. Recognize the meaning and importance of the term quaternary when...
Review Questions for the NCLEX Examination he peripheral nervous system includes the following omponents: (Select all...
Review Questions for the NCLEX Examination he peripheral nervous system includes the following omponents: (Select all that apply.) 1. afferent nerves. 2. brain 3. efferent nerves 4. spinal cord. 5. skeletal muscles. 2. The two major neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system are: 1. norepinephrine and epinephrine. 2. dopamine and serotonin 3. acetylcholine and norepinephrine. 4. endorphins and enkephalins. 3. Cholinergic agents are drugs that have this effect Select all that apply) 1. slowing the heart rate. 2. increasing the...
Question 2 The central nervous system contains: all sympathetic nerves. all parasympathetic nerves. all sensory receptors....
Question 2 The central nervous system contains: all sympathetic nerves. all parasympathetic nerves. all sensory receptors. only the cerebrum and cerebellum a brain and a dorsal tubular spinal cord. int Services - Blackboard
Create a map or outline of the nervous system and include the required data: Divisions of...
Create a map or outline of the nervous system and include the
required data:
Divisions of the nervous system and function
Neurotransmitters of the Sympathetic/Parasympathetic Nervous
System
Sympathetic Response/Parasympathetic Response
Example of Adrenergic Rx & It's therapeutic use
Example of Adrenergic Blocker Rx & It's therapeutic
use
Example of Cholinergic Rx & It's therapeutic use
Example of Cholinergic Blocker Rx & therapeutic use
NERVOUS SYSTEM Peripheral Nervous System CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Consists of: Brain and spinal cord All the rest...
Before administering a cholinergic antagonist to a client, for what should you specifically assess? (Select all th...
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Choose all of the following neurons in the divisions of the peripheral nervous system release acetylcholine...
Choose all of the following neurons in the divisions of the peripheral nervous system release acetylcholine onto a muscle. Select all that apply A Somatic nervous system B Sympathetic nervous system с Parasympathetic nervous system D Central nervous system Submit Which of the following is true about unmyelinated axons? А VG channels only exist at the nodes B VG channels exist along the entire length of the axon с There are no VG channels on the axons D The axons...
1. State the responses that a muscarinic agonist would be expected to cause through direct activation...
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SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: Which of the following medications can cause hyperkalemia? Select one or more:...
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: Which of the following medications can cause hyperkalemia? Select one or more: a. Spironolactone b. Amiloride c. Valsartan d. Captopril
Which medications work to inhibit the effects of the parasympathetic system? (Select all that apply.) Atropine (AtroPen) Cevimeline (Evoxac) Bethanechol (Urecholine) Physostigmine (Antilirium) Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) What can cause cholinergic crisis? (Select all that apply.) Understimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system Pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM) poisoning Insecticide poisoning Sarin poisoning Overdosage of AChE inhibitors
Autonomic Nervous System Drugs Fill-in-the-Blank Fill in the blank for each of the following statements. 1. The autonomic nervous system is divided into the and the divisions. 2. The _system is your "alert system" that can quickly ready your body to face emergencies 3. Drugs that mimic the action of the sympathetic nervous system are called sympathomimetic or 4. Neurotransmitters released at the sympathetic nerve endings are called catecholamines and include norepinephrine, and dopamine. 5. Because adrenergic drugs cause peripheral...
Review Questions for the NCLEX Examination he peripheral nervous system includes the following omponents: (Select all that apply.) 1. afferent nerves. 2. brain 3. efferent nerves 4. spinal cord. 5. skeletal muscles. 2. The two major neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system are: 1. norepinephrine and epinephrine. 2. dopamine and serotonin 3. acetylcholine and norepinephrine. 4. endorphins and enkephalins. 3. Cholinergic agents are drugs that have this effect Select all that apply) 1. slowing the heart rate. 2. increasing the...
Question 2 The central nervous system contains: all sympathetic nerves. all parasympathetic nerves. all sensory receptors. only the cerebrum and cerebellum a brain and a dorsal tubular spinal cord. int Services - Blackboard
Create a map or outline of the nervous system and include the
required data:
Divisions of the nervous system and function
Neurotransmitters of the Sympathetic/Parasympathetic Nervous
System
Sympathetic Response/Parasympathetic Response
Example of Adrenergic Rx & It's therapeutic use
Example of Adrenergic Blocker Rx & It's therapeutic
use
Example of Cholinergic Rx & It's therapeutic use
Example of Cholinergic Blocker Rx & therapeutic use
NERVOUS SYSTEM Peripheral Nervous System CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Consists of: Brain and spinal cord All the rest...
Before administering a cholinergic antagonist to a client, for what should you specifically assess? (Select all that apply.) Skin elasticity Symptoms of cholinergic crisis Bowel and bladder habits History of glaucoma History of malignant hyperthermia After receiving a medication, the client is experiencing dysphagia. Which intervention by the nurse is the most appropriate? Provide orange juice for the client. Contact the health care provider immediately. Ascertain fluid intake and urinary output. Raise the dose of the client's anticholinergic agent.
Choose all of the following neurons in the divisions of the peripheral nervous system release acetylcholine onto a muscle. Select all that apply A Somatic nervous system B Sympathetic nervous system с Parasympathetic nervous system D Central nervous system Submit Which of the following is true about unmyelinated axons? А VG channels only exist at the nodes B VG channels exist along the entire length of the axon с There are no VG channels on the axons D The axons...
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: Which of the following medications can cause hyperkalemia? Select one or more: a. Spironolactone b. Amiloride c. Valsartan d. Captopril
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