Question

How do maladaptive and physiological response differ from inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis

Answer 1

In healthy individuals unwanted immune response is suppresed by inhibitory cytokines. And there is balance between pro-inflammatory and inhibitory cytokines. And unwanted triggers are also suppreseds by physical barriers. If these barriers are weak then frequent physiological response (immune activation) may be harmful to the body. As well as If there is exagratted pro-inflammatory cytokines or poor inhibitory cytokines immune response initiated. It is physiological for protection from foreign invadrs and from cancer cell prolieration. In these two disease physiological response(immune stimulation) became maladaptive(inhibited physical barrier and dysbalance).

In Inflammatory bowel disease outermost mucosal barrier of large intestine is weak(genetically ) or it may be broken by any other insult result in invading of bowel microbes into the mucosa. These microbes stimulate immune response and various pro-inflammatory cytokines are secreted. These attract neutrophills, monocytes , lymphocytes. These cell infiltrate mucosa and causes more break in mucosal barrier so the inflammation of mucosa spreads in intestine.

Whereas in psoriasis, epidermal breaking could cause invading the dermis by DNA of epidermal cells. In the dermis there is immune response stimulated against these DNA. Cytokines secreted here attract dendritic cells, neutrophills, lymphocytes.they also secret cytokines. These cytokines stimulate epidermal cell excessive proliferation. So there is rapid growth of epidermal layers.

Thus in Inflammatory bowel disease there is proliferation of immune cells and formation of granuloma in the mucosa. But in psoriasis proliferation of epidermal layer.

In both of the case there are genetic causes . proteins whose responsible for mucosal barrier in intestine and epidermal barrier in skin are defective genetically. And wound by any cause worsen the condition.

Thus we have discussed maladaptive and physiological responses different in Inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis.