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Question 2. Total 20 marks) In order to cross a busy road in Section 9, Shah Alam, near Plaza Masalam, the Local Authority Planning Department is considering two schemes. Scheme 1 is building an underpass. Scheme 2 is constructing an overhead bridge. The following are the estimated costs and lives concerning both schemes Scheme 1 Underpass USS 250,000USS 300,000 USS 15,500 Scheme 2 Overhead bridge Initial cost of structure Initial cost of associated earthworks Annual Maintenance Cost of pumping surface water USS 750 drainage per year Life of structure Life of associated earthworks Perpetual USS 15,000 US$ 100,000 US 50,000 Nil 30 years 15 years Perpetual Compare the equivalent annual cost of each scheme with a rate of interest of 8 per cent per annum. [CO2-PO12-C51

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scheme scheme 2 underpass overhead $250,000 $ initial cost of structure initial cost of associated earthworks annual maintenance cost of pumping surface water drainage per vear life of structure life of associated earthworks 15,500 $ 100,000 $ 750 300,000 15,000 50,000 30 vears 15 vears etual etual scheme 1 scheme 2 12 13 total initial outflow present value of total initial outflow $265,500 $ 265500 | $ underpass overhead bridge 315,000 315,000 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 annual outflow $100,750 $ 50,000 resent value factor @ 8% of 30 years and 15 years respectively present value of annual outflow 11.258 8.559 $1,134,243.50 427,950.00 net present value of total outflow $ 1,399,744$ 742,950 8.559 86,803.36 net present value of total outflow/ present value factor present value factor @ 8% of 30 years and 15 years respectively 11.258 uivalent annual cost (EAC 124,333.23 23 24 25 on the basis of equivalent cost, scheme 2 is a better option

for formulas and calculations, refer to the image below -

scheme 1 underpass overhead bridge 250000 300000 15500 100000 750 scheme 2 initial cost of structure initial cost of associated earthworks annual maintenance cost of pumping surface water drainage life of structure life of associated earthworks ear 30 years ual 15 years etual scheme 1 scheme 2 underpass overhead bridge 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 total initial outflow present value of total initial outflow -C131 D13 1 annual outflow resent value factor @ 8% of 30 years and 15 years respectively present value of annual outflow -C6+C7 D6+D7 | 11.258 -C16 C17 -D16 D17 | 8.559 net present value of total outflow -C14+C18D14+D18 | 11.258 -C20/C21-D20/D21 resent value factor @ 8% of 30 years and 15 years respectively | 8.559 uivalent annual cost (EAC net present value of total outflow/present value factor 23 24 25 on the basis of equivalent cost, scheme 2 is a better option

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