Question

one false statement about hydrogenation of unsaturated fats:

a. never results in the formation of trans fatty acids

b. occurs faster at higher temperatures

c. results in an increased melting point

d. occurs faster at higher hydrogen pressures

e. can be done with any unsaturated fat

Answer 1

b,c,d & e are correct options

option a are false because hydrogenation means  to treat with hydrogen hydrogenation reduces the double or triple bond in hydrocarbons. Trans fat, also called trans-unsaturated fatty acids or trans fatty acids, is a type of unsaturated fat that occurs in small amounts in meat and milk fat. Fats contain long hydrocarbon chains, which can be either unsaturated, i.e., have double bonds, or saturated, i.e., have no double bonds. In nature, unsaturated fatty acids generally have cis as opposed to trans configurations. Partial hydrogenation of the unsaturated fat converts some of the cis double bonds into trans double bonds by an isomerization reaction with the catalyst used for the hydrogenation, which yields a trans fat.

option b are correct because The activation energy of hydrogenation reactions is normally low. For most hydrogenation reactions an increase in temperature of 50°C or more is required to double the reaction rate. There are few for which an increase of 10°C is sufficient to do this.

option c are correct because double bond means 1 bond is pii and another is sigma dua to addtion of hydrogen or during hydrogenation the pii bond get break due to weak bond and the sigma bond are strong bond which required more energy to break so hydrogenation increase melting point. Hydrogenation increased the melting point of oil and had a significant effect on the melting points at R ) 0.05 . The decreases of polyunsaturated fatty acids and isomerization of cis to trans isomers by hydrogenation increase the melting point.

option d are correct because hydrogenation means addition of hydrogen which reduced double bond or triple bond into single bond so high hydrogen pressure present leads to faster breakdown of pii bond which leads to faster hydrogenation under high hydrogen pressure.

option e are correct because unsaturated fatty acids there is at least one double bond in the fatty acid chain so can be done with any unsaturated fats