Question

4. Alterations in Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation Alterations in Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation a What findings from the patient history, physical examination, or lab studies would indicate a possible bleeding disorder? b. What are the common causes of platelet dysfunction due to quantity and quality? c. What are the common causes of inherited and acquired coagulation disorders?

Answer 1

4, a, Patient history of bruises, epistaxis, menorrhagia, purpura, petechiae, and hematuria indicate possible platelet abnormalities that cause bleeding. A family history of abnormal bleeding for parents, siblings and aunts and history of consanguineous marriage indicates there is a chance of getting the bleeding disorder.
Phsyical examination inlcude assess the patient sex, age, family history of bleeing disorder, any surgery, trauma, skin for bleeding, redness, and type of bleeding, etc. Lab test includes CBC to check platelet count, peripheral blood smear examination, PT, activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)platelet, bleeding time and clotting time. Careful screening tests help to detect reliability.
b, platelet problem increases the risk of bleeding. when the abnormality in platelet function and amount of platelet count and structural abnormality of platelet, poor quality of clotting, defective proteins in the surface of platelet membrane, abnormality in the platelet granules cause the bleeding disorder.
c, Bleeding disorder due to inherited as a process of coagulation cellular and biochemical events function together and have fluid formation with the blood vessels that prevent the blood clot, when there is less balance between natural coagulation factors inhibit a blood clot that causes bleeding.
5, a, Acute and chronic arterial occlusion is synonyms with peripheral artery occlusion that cause limb or life-threatening ischemia. the most commonly affected area is the superficial femoral artery. clinical manifestations include pain, pulselessness, pallor, poikilothermia. thrombosis formation affects mostly femoral arteries. emboli block the major artery it blocks the blood flow that cause anaerobic metabolism and cause acidosis, lactate production and high-concentration of radicals. untreated chronic ischemia causes low ATP storage and high calcium interaction causes muscle fiber necrosis. Intracellular phosphate, creatinine kinase, potassium, myoglobin mix with systemic circulation and cause necrotic muscle.