Question

7. Complete the following reactions. Where more than one product is possible, show only the one expected according to Markovnikov's Rule. a. Hydrogenation of 3-hexene. b. Acid-catalyzed hydration of 2,3-dimethyl-3-hexene. 8. Give an IUPAC name for each of the following hydrocarbons as a derivative of benzene 9. Give an IUPAC name for each of the following hydrocarbons with the benzene ring as a substituent. Page 6 of 6

Answer 1

i Hydrogenation of 3-hexene :- 3-hexene cos hex-3-ene is hydrogenated with H2 gas in presence of Ni (Nicker) los pt Cplatinum) cos (Palladium Pd as Catalyst. Hydrogenations produces Saturated hydrocarbon forom unsaturated hydrocarbon. ie. hydrogenation of sterene produces bexane as Poroduct. City -Cha -&H=CH-EK-ENZ Ni @ptes PACH-CH=C_643 (n-Hexane) 54 CH3 Hg 3-hexene . bex-3-ene CH3 CH3 OH (ii) Acid-catalysed hydrations of 2,3-dimethyl-3-hexene CH3 CH3 CH3 – CH – CH=CH & Hz &tz Ho CH3-CH_CH-CH₂ CH CH (2,3-dimethyl hex-3-ene): con (213-dimethyl-3-hexane) (2,3-dimethylhexan-3-01) . Majorproduct- (According to Markownikov s rule) Acid Catalysed hydration of 2,3-dimethyl-3-hexane produces 2,3-dimethyl hexan-3-of as major product. This can be explained by applying Markovnikov's ruler Markovnikov's rule.- In addition reactions of an asymmetric Olefin, the negative part con nucleophilic

Part of the addendum (Adding molecule), that should be added over the carbon with less number of hydrogens. Mechanism . С сю с сн HE-CH--C=CH-CH2-CH3 HE_CH_6-CH₂-CH2-CH3 (30 carbocations) Cacid catalyst 4C-CH-CH-CH-CH₂-CH3 (2° carbocation) As shown in the above on addition of Acid te Ho two types of Carbocations formations can be observed. Out of the two, 32 carbocation is more stable than the other which is zo Carbocation. In the next step Hző is added on stablezcarlocation And it's respective alcohol will be the maior. - Cha Cho 1 Citz (Hz HC-CH & Chh_CH₂ CH3 7 48 -¢-ChCH₂ CH₂ 0- 0- I . CH₂ CH HC-CH- & -CH2-CH2-CH3 (213 dimethyf hexan-3-08)

The same product in the above can be written by applying Maskovnikov's rule. Cсю CH₃-CH-C=CH-CH₂-CH3 H0 СЊ с (Hz-CH-¢-CH₂=CH₂=CH₂ H₂O CHF 5H) OH - (2,3-dimethyl hexan-3-of) In the above; negative part (ie -OH) of water can be added directly on olefinic carbon with less number of hydrogens.