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The question is where is 300 they get from and how they calculate get 300?
Number of kgs of milk powder or T shirts that can be produced in 1 hour Milk powder T shirts es Australia 4 China
What if the two countries agreed to trade? China has a lower opportunity cost for t-shirts than Australia. (1/2 kg milk < 1.5kg milk for 1 t-shirt) Likewise, Australia has a comparative advantage in milk (2/3 t-shirts foregone < 2t-shirts foregone for 1kg milk) Question: What if both countries decided to only produce their comparative advantage good (specialise), then trade to get the other good? If both countries only Milk powder (kgs) T-shirts produce their comparative advantage good Australia 1,200 China 0 1,000 Assume the two countries agree to exchange at the rate (price) of 1 t-shirt per kg milk, and that they will trade 300 of their comparative advantage good Consumption post Milk powder (kgs) T-shirts trade: 1,200 produced less 300 traded 300 imported from China Australia 300 imported from Australia 1,000 produced less 300 traded China
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Answer #1

It is an assumption. It is not calculated from anywhere. Read the sentence given above the last box.

First we decide that countries only produce the good in which they have a comparative advantage.

Then we assume that the two countries trade and exchange at the price of 1 tshirt per kg milk and they trade 300 of their good. For Australia, 300 export of milk powder and 300 import of t-shirt vice versa for China.

I hope it helps, for any doubts kindly comment below.

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