Question

Question 8 (1 point) Saved Which of the following scenarios is an example of Simpson's paradox? A) None of the answers are correct B) In 2013, researchers showed that even though the median US wage rose by 1% from 2000 to 2013, the median wage decreased for every education level (some high school, high school diploma with no college, some college, bachelor's degree or higher). C) A live cat is placed in a box with a radioactive substance. If the substance decays, the cat will die, but if the substance does not decay, then the cat will live. After an hour, the researchers do not know whether radioactive decay has occurred, so they say that the cat is both alive and dead at the same time. D) Researchers believe that the average annual rainfall in the Amazon basin is less than 1000 mm. They take a sample of annual rainfall and see it is above 2000 mm per year. This contradicts their earlier belief. E) All of the answers are correct

Answer 1

Q8.

Simpson's paradox is a phenomenon in probability and statistics, in which a trend appears in several different groups of data but disappears or reverses when these groups are combined.

Hence option B is correct example of Simpson's paradox.

Q3.

When people are randomly assigned to an intervention or control group, pre-existing differences between people will be equally distributed across the conditions (with a large enough sample size). Randomization helps to eliminate systematic differences in the people who receive the treatment and who are in the control group.

So, there is no hidden confounding effect or selection bias or option e.

Placebo effect is a beneficial effect produced by a placebo drug or treatment, which cannot be attributed to the properties of the placebo itself, and must therefore be due to the patient's belief in that treatment.

Thus the correct answer is - B. Inadequate control / placebo