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Describe the concept of polarisation for an electromagnetic plane wave. How many types of polarisation states can exist? Make use of appropriate diagrams as necessary 4. (a) 6 marksl (b) Does the polarisation state depend on the wavelength? Justify your answer. 4 marks] (c) Describe the polarisation state of the wave: E(z, t)-x80 cos(kz-ut) + yE, cos(kz-ut) + π/4) In addition, describe its orientation. [10 marks]

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Polarization - Polarisation is the characteristics of the all transverse wave. Since, electromagnetic wave is also a transverse wave, so, it shows polarization. For electromagnetic wave, polarisation is refers to the direction of oscillation of electric field. So, the direction in which electric field oscillates, polarisation of electromagnetic wave will in that direction. Types of polarisation Linear polarisation - in this polarisation, electric field vector and magnetic field vector are confined in a same plane. Circular polarisation - in this polarisation, magnitude of electric field is constant but its direction changes with steady rate (it means angular speed of electric field vector is constant.)in the plane perpendicular to the direction ofpropagation ofwave Elliptical polarisation- In this polarisation, the magnitude and the direction of electric field vector change with time to the direction of propagation ofwave. (b) Yes, polarisation state depends on the wavelength of light, as the optically active material rotates the direction of polarisation oflight. The amount of rotation depends on the wavelength of light.

Solution of sugar syrup is optically active. When white light passes thru this solution, light is polarized with different colors. Different colors have the different wavelength of light. So, we can say that state of polarisation of light depends on wavelength of light. (c) From the given equation, we can see that electric field oscillates in x and y axis having phase difference . So, the resultant electric field oscillates in in the x-y plane. Orientation of electric resultant electric field with x axis can be written as E,cos (kz-wt T) tan-1-E, cos (kz-at) δ Cos (kz - wt +z 4 δ tan-11_. cos (kz-at) Its orientation will change with time.

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