Question

Name the genus and species of each of these.

1. A 24-year-old female was hospitalized with a three week history of fever, chills, night sweats and generalized abdominal and low back pain. One week prior to admission, she had had bitemporal headache, dark urine and watery diarrhea. Three days before, she had been examined in the emergency room of the hospital; her hematocrit was 32, and her WBC count was 4900 with atypical lymphocytes. On admission, she had tachycardia and a rectal temperature of 40.9 C; other physical findings included a soft systolic murmur at the cardiac base, mild lower quadrant abdominal tenderness, hepatosplenomegaly, and bilateral costovertebral angle tenderness. Her hematocrit was 28 and hemoglobin was 8.4 g per 100 ml, and she had evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation without bleeding. Liver function tests and electrolytes were normal; her white blood cell count was 2700. A month later the sister of this patient was admitted to the same hospital and gave a two week history of head cold and fever. The week prior to admission, she had experienced a dry, nonproductive cough, bitemporal headache, nausea, vomiting, and mild generalized arthralgia; she had also occasional night sweats, fever, and chills. On admission, her temperature was 38.6 C orally, and her pulse rate was 120 per minute. Epidemiological investigation revealed that the mother-in-law of the second patient had purchases goat cheese at a market in Juarez, Mexico, and that this cheese had subsequently been eaten by several members of the family. Both sisters gave a history of eating the cheese.

What is the microbe?

The microbe is: _________________________________________________________________

Answer 1

ANSWER :

• The given scenario is telling about amoebiass infection
• Microbe causing this infection is ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ $\star$ It is an anerobic paracyte.

  $\star$ It's active stage is trophozoyte and exist only in the host and in fresh stool.

  $\star$ Cysts survive outside the host in water, in soil, food especially under the moist condition.

$\star$  Cysts are killed by heat and freezing temparature.

   $\star$  When cysts are swallowed they goes infection by releasing trophozoyte stage in the digestive tract.

     $\star$ Apart from intestine it can infect lungs, liver, spleen, brain etc..

• Cyst of this microbe can survive in soil for upto a month. and upto 45 min in under finger nails, uncleaned hands while preparing cheese may be the reason for infection'
• Present all over world, most cases occur in developed world, moreover mexico also endemic area.

​​​​​​​Incubation period

​​​​​​​ Infection takes around two to four weeks for develop symptoms.

​​​​​​​Signs and symptoms :

•    Infection takes around two to four weeks for develop symptoms.
• ​​​​​​​ Around 90 % are asymptomatic, but has the potential to become serious.
•    Symptoms may be mild dirrhoea to dysentery with blood , abdominal cramps and fever.
• The blood comes from bleeding lesions created by the amoeba imvading the lining of the colon.
• This microbe secrete enzymes, that destroying cell membrane and proteins, leads to penetration of human tissues resulting flask shaped ulceration in the intestine.
• The ingests destroyed cells by phagocytosis and is often seen with RBCs ( erythrophagocytosis ).
• The loss of RBCs through to stool may be the reason for low haemoglobin and low haematocrit (32) in blood on investigation.
• Dehydration due to diarrhea may be the reason for dark urine.
•   Infection of the liver by this organism leads to hepatomegaly and abdominal tenderness.

DIAGNOSIS :

• Stool microscopic examination for find out cyst
• serological test for antibodies.

MANAGEMENT :

Treatment is with metronidazole.

Supportive mangement :

• Wash hands thoroughly with soap and running water for at least 10 seconds after using toilet and before handling food.
•   Avoid sharing towels.
• Avoid eating raw vegetables.
•   Aviod eatin streat foods.