Question

8. Symptoms of Adequate vs. Inadequate Blood Flow to The Heart 9. Difference Between Power & Strength of Muscle Hypertrophy 10. Fat Soluble vs. Non-fat Soluble Vitamins 11. Bone Mass 12. Frequency/Duration/Intensity 13. Obesity 14. Resting Heart Rate 15. Food Guide Pyramid 16. Heart Disease Risk 17. Eccentric vs. Concentric 18. Relative Endurance 19. Calories Per Pound of Fat 20. Overload Principle 21. Effective Ways to Lose Weight 22. Exercise's Role in Weight Loss 23. Principle of Specificity 24. Coronary Heart Disease- Death Rate/Contributing Factors/Occurrence 25. Cholesterol 26. Hypertention 27. Second Hand Smoke 28. Nonweight-bearing vs. Weight-Bearing 29. Osteoporosis

Answer 1

10. ANS: Vitamines:

Water-soluble vitamins are those soluble in water. Fat-soluble vitamins are those soluble in oil (lipids, fat). Vitamin C and the vitamins of the B complex are examples of water-soluble vitamins. Vitamins A, D, E and K are examples of fat-soluble vitamins.

Water-Soluble Vitamins:

Chemical Composition: C, H, O, N, S, Co

Thiamin (B1): Come from whole grains; enriched grains; liver; nuts; seeds

Riboflavin (B2): Comes from whole grains; enriched grains; dairy products

Niacin (B3): Comes from meat; fish; poultry; whole grains

Pantothenic Acid(B5): Comes from meat; poultry; whole grains

Pyridoxine(B6): Comes from fortified cereals; soy products

Biotin(B7): It is found in fruits; meats

Folic Acid (Folate) (B9): Comes from leafy vegetables

Vitamin B12 (B12): Comes from fish; poultry; meat; dairy products

Vitamin C - comes from citrus fruits and juices, such as oranges and grapefruits; red, yellow, and green peppers

Fat soluble vitamins:

Chemical Composition: ONLY C, H, O

Vitamin A: Comes from orange colored fruits and vegetables; dark leafy greens, like kale

Vitamin D: Can be found in fortified milk and dairy products; cereals; (and of course, sunshine!)

Vitamin E: Is found in fortified cereals; leafy green vegetables; seeds; nuts

Vitamin K: Can be found in dark green leafy vegetables; turnip/beet greens

11. ANS: Generally bone density is considered as a bone mass and a healthy person bone density or mass can be measured through bone mineral density (BMD) test. Bone mass completely depends upon the amount of calcium and other minerals found in your bones.

13. ANS: Obesity is a complex condition with biological, genetic, behavioral, social, cultural, and environmental influences. It is a chronic disease and it can affect many other systems in body and causes many health problems, including diabetes, heart disease, certain cancers, bone and joint disease.

14. ANS: Resting heart rate or pulse: It is the number of times your heart beats per minute when you are at rest. Generally from person to person resting heart rate or pulse varies. An average adult normal resting rate is 60 to 100 beats per minute (bpm), but among in athletes normal resting heart rate is 40 to 60 bpm.

26. ANS: Another name for hypertension is high blood pressure and it can arises when blood pressure rises more than normal. It is a major health problem and it can lead to severe complications and increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and death. There are two types of hypertension they are…

Primary hypertension (essential): It is the condition of high blood pressure (hypertension) when the cause is not known. It accounts for almost 90-95% of all the hypertension cases.

Secondary hypertension: It is the condition of high blood pressure (hypertension) when the cause is identifiable. It may be caused due to chronic kidney disease, renovascular disease, Cushing’s syndrome, thyroid disease etc. it accounts for nearly 5-10% of all the cases of hypertension.

29. ANS: Osteoporosis occurs in people who are immobilized, in people who have an excessive plasma concentration of a hormone that favorable bone resorption, and in people who have a deficient plasma concentration of a hormone that favorable bone formation. In osteoporosis, matrix and minerals are lost. The resulting decrease in bone mass and strength leads to an increased incidence of fractures. Out of the three types of bone cells- osteoblasts are the bone forming cells. Their secretion, the collagen, to form a surrounding matrix is lost in osteoporosis. The matrix in normal conditions becomes calcified, that is mineralized.

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