Question

renal and urinary system

Answer 1

The renal system is also known as the urinary system. It is one of the most important organ system of the body. It functions to eliminate waste from the body in the form of urine, controls blood volume and blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance and blood pH.

COMPOSITION :

Renal system consists of the following organs:

1. Kidney

2. Ureter

3. Urinary bladder

4. Urethra

STRUCTURE :

Kidneys — There are two kidneys located in the left and right retroperitoneal space. The functional unit of kidneys is known as nephrons. Nephrons helps in formation of urine by absorbing the important nutrients and excreting the waste products.

Ureters — ureters are tube like structures attached to each kidney at the junction known as ureteropelvic junction. The ureters are made of smooth muscles. Urine enters from the kidney to the ureters. Ureters then propel the urine to the urinary bladder.

Urinary bladder — urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ made up of smooth muscles. The bladder is divided into fundus, body, apex and neck. Urine enters the bladder through ureters and exit through urethra. The main function of urinary bladder is to store the urine until eliminated by the body through urination or micturition. The contraction and relaxation of detrusor muscle plays an important role in urination.

Urethra — Tube like structure connecting urinary bladder to urinary meatus. Urine passes from bladder to urinary mratus through urethra.

FUNCTION:

1. Regulates the blood volume

2. Maintains electrolyte balance through excretion and absorption of electrolytes

3. Regulates blood pressure through renin angiotensin aldosterone mechanism

4. Kidneys function to produce RBC through the process known as erythropoisis.

5. Kidneys help in synthesis of vitamin D

6. Functions in formation and elimination of waste product from body in the form of urine.

Urinary system Kidneys Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra