Question

I want you to do the 3 complications of the followin topics and how to prevent these complications.

• Preoperative Care
• Intraoperative Care
• Postoperative Care
• Organ transplant
• Burns
• COPD

Answer 1

PREOPERATIVE CARE:

Complications:

• The patients may develop anxiety and nervousness which can cause fluctuations in blood pressure.
• Nausea
• The patients may have bleeding tendencies due to usage of some medications.
• There can be undiagnosed cardiovascular anomaly that could be fatal during surgery.

Prevention: Proper history should be taken form the patient. Anxiety and nervousness can be avoided by admitting the patient a day or two before the surgery. This help reduce the anxiety in the patient by having time to familiarise with the hospital and also provide us with enough time to do proper pre operative assessment.

INTRAOPERATIVE CARE:

Complications: These include

• Massive hemorrage during the surgey.
• The patient may enter into shock or cardiovascular failure during the surgery due to heavy blood loss.
• Damage to the structures like vessels and nerves.

Prevention: These complications can be prevented by keeping additional blood ready if there is a risk of hemorrhage. Damage to important structures can be prevented by using the surgical equipment in good condition and being very careful while handling them.

POST OPERATIVE CARE:

Complications: The post operative complications include

• Post operative hemorrage is seen in some patients which may lead them into shock.
• Secondary infections can occur at the site of incision.
• Septicemia can occur.
• Theomboembolism can occur in patients with prolonged bed rest.
• The patient may end up with hypertension.

Prevention: These can be prevented by keeping the patient in observation after surgery, maintaining proper hygiene, aseptic conditions and keeping the patient under antibiotic cover. Thromboembolism can be avoided by using compression anti embolism stockings in bed ridden patients.

ORGAN TRANSPLANT:

Complications:

• Graft rejection
• Accumulation of antigen antibody complexes in the body causing various complications.
• Graft failure
• Blood clots
• Transmission of deadly infections like HIV and hepatitis

Prevention: These can be prevented by proper evaluation of the graft and compatibility. The donor should be properly screened for any co existing infections or illnesses.

BURNS:

Complications: The complications associated with burns are

• Secondary infections due to loss of physical barrier like skin.
• Electrolyte imbalances due to blood loss.
• Inflammation at the site of injury.
• Hypovolemia and shock due to loss in blood volume.

Prevention: The prevention involves maintenance of proper fluid and electrolyte balance. The patient should be given antibiotics and aseptic conditions should be maintained.

COPD:

Complications: The complications that can occur in COPD patients are

• Hypoxia due to reduced oxygen entering the blood.
• Loss of consciousness can occur in very low oxygen levels.
• They may even end up in coma or some very severe cases can be fatal. This is due to very low oxygen for prolonged duration.
• Lung infection
• Respiratory failure.

Prevention: The prevention includes estimation of saturation of oxygen, early treatment. If required supplemental oxygen therapy should be given to maintain oxygen levels required for functioning of the body.

This is a brief overview of the topic. Hope this helps you out. Please feel free to give your feedback and if you need elaborate explanation on this topic. Thank you and have a great day.