Question

can some one describe about each step of 8 actions to ultimate delivery of toxicant to the target

Share Exposure site Skin, GI tract, respiratory tract, injection/bite site, placenta Toxicant Absorption Distribution toward target Presystemic elimination Distribution away from target Excretion Reabsorption Toxication Detoxication Ultimate toxicant Target molecule (Protein, lipid, nucleic acid macromolecular complex) Target site

Answer 1

ABSORPTION;

Absorption: . It is the prouss a drug getting into The systemic circulation a Blood stream, a Drug Travel Through The body, by Intake a drug orally. Then The drug Encounter The stomach - It Then needs to cross The coll membiare & The Intestire to get into the portal circulation → From The portal inculation The passes The liver and finally Estern isto The systemic cixeellation, factos That Ingheers The drug absoeption are physicochemical properties of the drug, Rout of drug administration, pH and Tonization, food, Ana & absorbing surface and presence of the drugs.

PRE-SYSTEMIC ELIMINATION;

Pilesystemic eliminertion - It is also called as first pass metabolism, where the drug are administered onally, Then pass into The guk wallp oital veir liver Esterns into the systemic circulation Durerg The passage, certail drugs are metabolised, That are removed a inactivated before reach the systenie circulation, systenic circulation зит liver Drug

DISTRIBUTION TOWARD THE TARGET:

The The prouss called distribution, where leaves The Blood stream, erter Interstitium and The tissue The capilby endothelium Blood Vessels Extra ulleelar Fluid cell momblare (lipid Bilagus Intraullulen luid

DISTRIBUTION Fat هلي اليه Hund Blood (plasma) Exteaulluloy Fluid other csai Peritoneum synovial Fluid Jetus

DISTRIBUTION AWAY FROM THE TARGET:

Distribution away from The Target some drugs are Thiopentore, it is a lipid soluble drugs, on Intranenous administration, immediately get distributed to the area & high blood flow such as Brais. Finally causes anaesthesia , - After a few minutes, it crosses the Blood Brain Barrier and into The Blood, Then isto the muscle and adipose tissue . This called as redistribution, cg. Thiopentone mainly used for general anausthesia,

REABSORPTION;

• Reabsorption means the drugs get reabsorbed in kidney tubules,
• Tubular reabsorbed by the passive diffusion where the lipid soluble drugs get easily reabsorbed in the tubules.
• Suppose if the drug are in the unionized form get absorbed in the proximal tubule.
• LIPOPHILIC drug are mainly get reabsorbed.

EXCRETION;
Excretion- irreversible removal of drug from the Two main ways, where the body excrete drug hepato Billary system body Two drug. Renal Qustem syst Hepato Billary system ar where the liver Encrete drug or drug metabolities into the bile, which i twas get Encreted with the feces example of drug which is primarily enerited by The hepatic Billary system is The antibiotics ire rifampicin. Renal system most drugs are primarily Encreted by The kidney. Prugs get filtered into The Nephron & the kidney, once the daug in the nephion, it flows Through The nephion into the collecting duck and ultimately out of The body is the wire Rate of Renal (Rase of Rate of 7 kate of Eneretion - filtration secretion - reabsorption langsir general aneusthetics, and alcohol such as thee, halo there, sevoflulare are Encreted via langs. skir . some drugs are excreted Through The skir are mercury, arsenic. Farces. Some drugs are not compeletely absorbed from The GI tract are encreted is faces. eg senna, cascara,

TOXICATION:
Toxication :- » Treatment induud side effects, where The daug is given for The Treatment, but it produus tonicity to The boby - factors inpleening tonicity are absorption, Distribution, metabolism, clearance, Half life and Bio aveulability principle that causes of drug Tonicity are The predictable, the less predictable, and The uprediksible => unparelictable are untowards adverse reactions, in daug allergies and anaphylactic reaction - predictable are related to the pharmacdo. aution, includes sich Effects, secondary effects and toxic Effects - side effecter eg atropine used is the Treatment of heaul block also produces dryness of mouth, blurning of vision, and wairary retention a secondary Effectes 2. mais action of drug result is the effects, eg Immunosuppression by corticosteriods can lead to development of opportunistic Infections. & Tonic Effects. Due to overdose of drug produce Tonic Effect - Eq. Bleeding due to overclosage of anticoagulanta

DETOXICATION;

Detonication : >> It means Detox is variously The Intervention in a case of physical dependence to a drug » The Process and experience & withdrawal syndeone various Treatment for acute drug Overdose Remone Toriss from The body, Detoneofication mainly ocaw on the liver - Detorication mean clearising The blood, mainly by remove the impurities from the blood Es liner OCCO