Question

19. A NU LIUSUR ol the abdomen may require: al Vacuum suction system blodophor-impregnated drape c. Silastic mesh d. All of the above c. Flail chest d Mediastinal shift FILL IN THE BLANK Fill in the blanks with the correct words. 23. Mechanical ventilation is necessary for a trauma pa ecessary for a trauma patient with an) course prepares physician and non-physi 24. The treatment guidelines and protocols for truma management. 25. Examples of blunt trauma are: 26. Penetrating wounds are most commonly caused by 27. Thrombin-based tissue sealants are only effective when the patient has a on the patient has an

Answer 1

1)

• Acute lung injury, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Apnea with respiratory arrest, including cases from intoxication
• Acute brain injury
• Acute lung injury - blunt chestwall trauma, penetrating injury,
• cardiac tamponade
• hemothorax
• pulmonary contusion

2)Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course

3)

• Car accidents.
• Bike accidents.
• Punches and kicks.
• Sports collisions.
• Falls.

4)

• Firearms: Method that uses a powder charge to fire a projectile.

• Sharp instruments: Knifes, razors, swords, icepicks, or any pointed instruments (e.g., chisel or broken glass).

5)

1. Sealants are effective, irrespective of patient’s coagulation status, to improve control of residual oozing.

2. Polyethylene glycol-based sealants are effective, as an adjunctive measure, to improve hemostasis on vascular anastomosis, to control air and cerebrospinal fluid leakages .

3. Polyethylene glycol-based sealants must not be used in cases of known or suspected allergy to human albumin or renal insufficiency

4. The use of cyanoacrylate-based adhesives must be avoided both in contact with brain tissue because of the risk of foreign body reaction, and inside the vessels, because of thrombotic risk, except for interventional radiology or endoscopic procedures

5. Weak evidences are available regarding the effectiveness of fibrin glue to prevent biliary, urinary and air leakages.

6. Albumin-based sealants are effective to improve hemostasis on vascular anastomosis, but circumferential application must be avoided because of the risk of stenosis.

7. Albumin-based sealants are effective to control cerebrospinal fluid leakage.