Question

Pathophysiology of UTI and the pertinent lab work that would determine health of the urologic system.

Answer 1

UTI is the infection of the urinary tract.Microorganisms (E.coli,Klebsiella) enter the urinary bladder via urethra>colonise near the urethral surrounding >colonisation of bacteria occurs>passes via urethra to bladder >the fibrea of the bacteria attaches to the bladder wall and multiplies (infection begins here causing symptoms like pain,painful micturation,odour urine,change in color of urine > gradually it ascends to ureter >reaches the kidney >if not treated afftets the kidney cells>inflammatory response >over time can damage the function of kidney

The lab report are when urine is tested it reveals presence of bacteria (causative organism) and increased WBC (infection),cloudy or pus filled urine (bacteria and infection) decreased urine out (during inflammation of parenchymal cells) leading to poor filtration altering the glomerular filtration process causing electrolyte imbalance especially increases creatinine to combat this,mean while sodium and potassium may be retained in the body in excess causing edema due to electrolyte imbalance .

The test that can determine the health of the urinary system are

• Urine routine (basic test )
• Urinalysis (identifies bacteria and infection)
• Urine culture(confirm bactetia)
• Blood investigation :CBC,BUN,Sr.Electrolyte, Creatinine
• Renal profile