Question

2. Briefly describe the primary (i.e, biochemical) mechanism of toxicity for each xenobiotic listed below. (2 marks each- 38 marks total) a) a-Bungarotoxin b) yHydroxybutyrate c) Atropine d) Black widow spider venom e) Botulinum f) Chlordecone g) CO h) Cocaine i) Cyanide j) Ethylene glycol k) Fluoroacetate D OP m) Pentachlorophenol n) Rotenone o) Tetrodotoxin p) Warfarin ) DDT r) Colchicine s) PCB

Answer 1

a. Alpha Bagaratoxin: it blocks function of acetyl choline at the neuro muscular junction by blockaging nicotinic acetyl choline receptor in muscles.

b. Gamma hydroxybutarate: it bind with GABA- B receptor in the brain inhibits the noradrenalin release from hypothalamus and mediate the release of opiate like substances in the striatum.

c. Atropine: it is used in the treatment of organo phosphorus compound poisoning it blocks the acetyl choline at the muscsrinic receptors.

d. Black widow spider venom: it speculate the intoxication after bite it releases latrotoxin and hydrolases.

e.Botulinum: it blocks the release of acetyl choline from nerve endings this causes the paralysis.

f. Chlordecon: this toxicity causes the fetal toxicity as well as sperm motility in males.

g. CO: carbon monoxide bins with oxygen and reduced the oxygen carrying capacity by binding with myoglobin and causes reduce cardiac output.

h. Cocaine: Cocaine is plant alkaloids it bins with dopamine e and reduces the dopamine at the terminal site.

I. Cyanide: it causes the cellular hypoxia and sudden death.

j. Ethylene glysol: Ethylene glysol causes the cereal edema and encephalopathy.

k. Fluroacetate: Citrate accumulation in occurs in several body tissues and brain.

l. OP: it blocks the acetyl choline at the nerve endings of muscarinic receptor site.