Question

Historically those few developing countries which have succeeded in significantly raising their per-capita income levels:

-did not accomplish this with import-substituting industrialization.

- did accomplish this with import-substituting industrialization.

-tended to provide heavy protection to domestic industrial sectors.

-favored industrial to agricultural or service sectors.

- did so to the detriment of their nearest neighbors.

Answer 1

Historically few developing countries that increased their per capita income were able to do so by not following the import substitution industrialization. Countries like South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan(East Asian countries) followed the export led strategy rather than the import substitution.

Import substitution strategy is the one where the country tends to produce the goods it once imported. This leads to an increased employment, protects the domestic sellers etc, but also reduces the efficiency and quality of goods and services. It was seen that the Latin American countries which followed this import led method were not as successful as the east asian countries.

Hence answer is option A)did not accomplish by import substitution.