Question

University of Maine School of Nursing Foundations of Nursing Practice Homework Assignment 5 Chapter 39 52-year-old Abigail Adams had an appendectomy yesterday (1-day post-op). What is atelectasis? How is it related to surgery? What respiratory interventions should you recommend to prevent atelectasis and post- operative pneumonia? How do these interventions work? 17-year-old Tyler Martin has cystic fibrosis. He was admitted to the hospital because he developed pneumococcal pneumonia. His oxygen saturations were consistently at 88%. Chest physiotherapy four times a day was ordered. He also has an order for continuous oxygen at 10 L/minute, What is pneumococcal pneumonia? What type of transmission-based precautions would you expect Sydney to be on? Explain your answer. What is chest physiotherapy and how does it help children/adolescents with cystic fibrosis. What oxygen delivery method would you use for Tyler? Explain your answer

Answer 1

The term atelectasis is derived from the Greek words Ateles and ektasis, which mean incomplete expansionAtelectasis is the collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange. It is usually unilateral, affecting part or all of one lung. It is one of the most common respiratory complications after surgery. General anesthesia is a common cause of atelectasis. It changes your regular pattern of breathing and affects the exchange of lung gases, which can cause the alveoli to deflate. Nearly everyone who has major surgery develops some amount of atelectasis.

Prevention

Deep breathing exercises and coughing after surgery can reduce the risk of developing atelectasis. Incentive spirometry is also which can encourage you to take deep breaths to prevent and treat atelectasis. It is designed to mimic natural sighing or yawning by encouraging the patient to take long, slow, deep breaths. This decreases pleural pressure, promoting increased lung expansion and better gas exchange. When the procedure is repeated on a regular basis, atelectasis may be prevented or reversed.

The critical care nurse should institute evidence-based practices to prevent postoperative pneumonia. Patients with risk factors for HAP should be assessed and monitored closely as part of prevention. Preventive strategies for postoperative pneumonia should be approached as care bundles. A bundle is a structured way of improving care by collectively and reliably performing a set of evidence-based practices to improve patient outcomes. It's important to educate the patient about the following five major interventions that have proven to decrease HAP(hospital-acquired pneumonia). and include, deep-breathing exercises and use of the incentive spirometry, coughing, positioning, early mobilization, and ambulation these interventions are performed as a care bundle for their synergistic effectiveness.