Question

Postural Drainage and percussion. What are they and how do they work? Advantages of turning patients Cough techniques, (huff cough) how are they beneficial Be able name the three different types of bronchoscopy and examples of their use. What is Mallampati classification used for What are absolute contraindications of flexible bronchoscopy. Know the indications for rigid bronchoscopy Role of the respiratory therapist in bronchoscopy. What are the primary purposes of pulmonary function testing? What are the classifications of pulmonary disease that pulmonary function testing seeks to address? Know how to measure (the formula) for the % predicted normal value for patient with suspected disease What are the normal values for the average adult for Tidal Volume, Inspiratory Capacity, and Vital Capacity? What are the variations which can affect VC (Vital Capacity)? What are the three most important measurements of lung volume and their normal values. What devices are used to measure flow and the types
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Answer 1

1. Postural drainage is the technique of using gravity to take out secretions from lungs to throat for spitting that out. Percussion is the technique of tapping body surface or skin to know about the consistency, borders and size of underlying organs. It helps to know the presence of fluid or not in body area.

2. advantages of turning patients are

• prevents pressure ulcer
• helps to loosen secretions from lungs

3. Coughing is common technique to clear secretions. It can be voluntary as well as natural process for removal of secretions.

Huffing is also technique for removal of secretions. It involves taking a deep breath, hold the breath and then exhaling out forcefully but slowly. This process is repeated two more times followed by one strong cough to spit out. It helps to loosen out the secretions.

4. bronchoscopy is examining of airways by using endoscope or bronchoscope for diagnostic or therapeutic purpose.types of bronchoscopy

1. rigid bronchoscopy that uses hollow metal tube for airway examination. It is mostly useful in retrieving inhaled foreign objects.
2. flexible bronchoscopy is use of fibre optics system to create image of airways on monitor connected to it. It is mostly used to obtain specimens such as bronchoalveolar lavage or Endo bronchial biopsy
3. therapeutic bronchoscopy is the the procedure for treatment of a disease like laser resection of tumors, for percutaneous tracheostomy etc.

5. mallampati classification is used to predict the ease of endotracheal intubation . High score indicates difficulty in intubation.

6. Contraindications for flexible bronchoscopy are unstable angina, serious dysthymia or myocardial infarction