Question

ANS a. What are the general functions of the autonomic nervous system? b. What happens when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated? c. What happens when the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated? d. What are a muscarinic receptor and a nicotinic receptor? c. What is the therapeutic action for dopamine? f. What are the adverse effects of dopamine? g. What are the key nursing implementation considerations for patients receiving an adrenergic agent? h. What is the difference between alpha-adrenergic blocking agents and beta-adrenergie blocking agents? i. What are the key lifespan considerations for an older adult when administering adrenergie blocking agents? j. What are the key nursing implementation considerations for a patient receiving nonselective adrenergic blocking agents? k. What are the most common adverse effects of propranolol (Inderal)? 1. For what other indications, besides the treatment of hypertension, is propranolol (Inderal) prescribed?
pharmacology

Answer 1

Ans) a) Functions of Autonomic Nervous system:

- Controls system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions such as the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal. This system is the primary mechanism in control of the fight-or-flight response.

b) the sympathetic nervous system can accelerate heart rate; widen bronchial passages; decrease motility (movement) of the large intestine; constrict blood vessels; increase peristalsis in the oesophagus; cause pupillary dilation, piloerection (goose bumps) and perspiration (sweating); and raise blood.

c) Body functions stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) include sexual arousal, salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, and defecation. The PSNS primarily uses acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter. Peptides (such as cholecystokinin) may also act on the PSNS as neurotransmitters.

d) Nicotinic and Muscarinic receptors are both Acetylcholine (ACh) receptors. N2 Nicotinic receptors are in the brain and also in the Autonomic and Parasympathetic nervous systems. While on the other hand Muscarinic Receptors have a different MOA. Instead of becoming an ion channel for sodium, they use a G-Protein.