Question

1. Circle "non-polar", "polar aprotie", ar polar proti to describe each of the following wa a) glycerine "hon polar". "polar artic.or polar proti b) dichloromethane -CC "non-polar", "polar protic", or "polar protic" c) noticed "non-polar". "polar sprotic", or polar protic d) dimethylsulfoxide "non-polar", "polar sprotie", or "polarprotie"

Answer 1

- * Non kolar molecules are those molecules which do not form dipole and net dipole moment is zero. * Polar molecules are those molecules which form dipole and net dipole moment is not zero. Polar molecules when used as a solvents, - they are polar solvents. Non polare molecules when used as a solvents, they are non polar solvents. * Polar solvent are of two types :- Polar protic :- Protic means broton (4). - Those solvents have labile proton means can give ut easily then they are polar protic. these protons should attach with highly electronegative atoms like O, F and N. Polar aprotic : Those solvents do not have labile proton, they are called polar aprotic solvents.

(Qc) Glycerine : 8C_30 Glycerine molecule has labile Ht. Glycerine has 3 polar bonds between o and in due to high electronegativity difference between 0 and H. Glycerine is polar molecule. Dibole moment of glycerine is not zero. Glycerine is "bolar protic" solvent Dichloromethane :- * (6) KtIH7 Se se se H 7 Arkow shows (dibole moment There is electronegativity difference between c and cl. But both cl are opposite to each other and overall effect cancel each other. This result in net dipole moment zero. So molecule is hon-polar. Richloromethane ip "non -bolas" solvent. *

(C) acetic acid :- 800 Il so SA 500 - a there is Polar bond o-n and C-o Electronegativity difference in c and O. is more. Electronegativity difference in o and H is also high. So, molecule is kolar. There is also labile ut. . * acetic acid is "polar protic" solvent . (d) dimethylsulfoxide : 080 osis There is electronegativity - difference between s and O..So, molecule is polar but do not have labile nt. Dimethylsulfonide is "bolar aprotic solvent *