Homework Answers
Medication cards for Antifungals :-
1. Amphotericin B
- Mechanism of action
binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes; causes them to become permeable or leaky
- Therapeutic class
anti-fungal (systemic type)
- Pharmacologic class
polyene
- Uses
broad spectrum of activity; effective against most of the fungi pathogens
- Administration
usually given by IV infusion; topical are available; lipid formulation reduces nephrotoxicity and less infusion- related fever and chills; reduced toxicity is believed to be due to decreased plasma levels drug
- Adverse effect
fever and chills; vomiting and headache at the beginning of therapy, phlebitis is common during IV therapy; some degree of nephrotoxicity; cardiac arrest, hypotension, dysrhythmias
-Treatment for overdose
over dose may result in cardiorespiratory arrest. no specific therapy is available; patients are treated symptomatically.
2. Ketoconazole
- Category Class
azoles
- Uses
sever systemic fungal infections
-yeast
-tinea infections
-pedis: athletes foot
-coronas: ring worm
-curries: jock itch
disseminated coccidi omyosis
- desert soil
Histoplasimosis
-soil contaminated with bird/bat droppings.
- Complications
GI symptoms
liver toxicity
drowsiness/ dizziness
decrease in sexual hormone synthesis
gynecomastia
-decreased libido
-low sperm counts
- Contraindications
meningitis cause by fungi
oriychomycossis
ocular fungal
Precaution:
hx allergy
liver disease
alcoholism
HIV infection
older adults
children < 2 years
- Interactions
Take med 2 hr before:
-Antacids
-Proton Pump Inhibitors
-H2 antagonists
Riframprin(Rifadin)
- Administration
Tablet, Topical, Shampoo
Oral: give with water coffee, tea, juice
its with achlorhydria
4 mL of 0.2 N Hcl acid
sip through straw
- Interventions
Monitor:
changes in liver function(ALT,AST)
sever GI
CNS effects
hormonal symptoms
- Teaching
take with food/fluids
report abdominal pain
dont take with antacids
avoid driving/mental alertness needed if sleepy
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