Question

6. Academic literature discusses two types of PS: "trait" and "state" skepticism. What do you think is meant by those?

please provide 2-4 paragaraphs, slighy less than one oage typed double, typed in responce to this question

Answer 1

While prior research theorizes that both stable personality traits and temporary states influence PS (e.g., Hurtt 2010; Nelson 2009), this literature tends to focus on either trait PS or contextual factors that influence judgments and behavior without disentangling the trait and state components of PS. We propose that state PS is a distinct construct from trait PS and provide the first measure of state PS. We validate our process for measuring state PS using rigorous analyses, demonstrating convergent and divergent validity with data collected from both professional and student samples. Furthermore, we replicate the Hurtt (2010) trait PS scale, which forms the basis for our state PS measure. Future researchers can employ our measure or, alternatively, replicate our process for measuring state PS in various experimental contexts.

Two distinct types of professional skepticism: 1) trait skepticism, (defined as: relatively stable, an enduring quality of an individual) and 2) state skepticism (defined as: a temporary condition aroused by a given situation). This particular study focuses only on the former and further delineates six character components of trait skepticism. These characteristics are drawn from a careful review of the auditing standards as well as research in auditing, psychology, philosophy, and consumer behavior. The six characteristics are as follows:

• A questioning mind
• A suspension of judgment
• A search for knowledge
• Interpersonal understanding
• Self-esteem
• Autonomy