Question

Answer the following:

1. Explain the bladder and bowel complications that may occur with injuries of the spinal cord.

2. Describe the stages and nursing management of pressure ulcers

3. What measures are used to decrease the risk of skin breakdown?

4. Identify the rehabilitation potential of the patient with T6 spinal cord injury

5. Describe the mourning process and nursing interventions for patients with spinal cord injury.

Answer 1

1, Spiral card injury can affect bowel and bladder symptoms... Autonomic dysflexia is a condition caused by spinal cord injury T6..patia will have a hard stool, full bladder or infected pressure ulcer due to noxious stimuli. Detrusor -sphinder dyssynergia can cause fecal constipation and neurogenic bladder dysfunction due to spinal card injury. renal impairment, urinary tract infection, renal stone, urinary incontinence, bowel incontinence, renal failure, and bladder cancer are the complication due to spinal care injury...
2, pressure ulcer has four stages
Stage 1: Mild stage it affects only the outer layer of the skin, the skin will be warm and reddish discoloration...
- nursing management include changing the patient position every hour
-wash the area with mild soap and water and dry thoroughly.
stage 2: The sore affect the deeper layer of the skin...There will be a pus-filled blister, skin will be warm and red.
-nursing management includes cleaning the wound with water or salt water solution and dry and clean the sore with moist gauze.
stage 3: this sore can affect up to the fat tissue through skin...There will be more pus, odor, and drainage.
-this stage need more attention to cleaning wound..
-Remove the dead tissue and prescribe antibiotics
stage 4: This is the serious sore can affect the patient and the entire organization, this sore extent up to muscles and ligaments, you can even see tendon and bones.
_ this wound need special care like surgery and hygiene.
3, -Avoid friction and shearing while turning and moving the patients
-clean the skin with mild soap and keep it dry
-provide plenty of water to keep the skin hydrated.
- provide foods rich in omega 3 fatty acids, vitamin c, A, zinc acid, protein
-Reposition the patient every 2 to 4 hours
-use cushion for sitting and lying down
-Avoid muscle spasm by exercise and range of motion these are a good way to reduce the spasticity.
-treat the redness spot immediately and avoid more pressure on that area, do gentle massage to promote blood circulation.
4, Autonomic dysreflexia is the condition patient have with spinal cord injury when the patient affected with above T6. It results in severe hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, seizure, atrial fibrillation, coma, death, and neurogenic pulmonary edema. Rehabilitation includes Avoid tight and restrictive clothing and make patient sit upright to decrease the blood pressure..antihypertensive agent and prophylactic treatment will be helpful in rehabilitation. bowel and bladder and skin management techniques should be taught to the patient. Physiotherapy will be helpful to manage the condition, ambulation can be done para walker... The interdisciplinary approach towards rehabilitation with spinal cord injury will be effective.