Question

to your Final Report Based on your experimental results and your knowledge of ionic and covalent bonds, classify each unknown

these are unknowns A,B,C,D
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Answer #1

Multiple questions, as per guideline first should be answered, first two questions are answered :

1. . Properties like  volatility, melting point, solubility in water, and electrical conductivity can be utilized to classify substances as ionic or covalent.

Properties of Ionic Bonds

Low volatility

Strong Bonds

Usually Soluble in water

High Melting Point

Form a crystal lattice (Hard )

Properties of Covalent Bonds

High volatility

Weak bonds

Usually Insoluble in water

Low melting point

A. Covalent (Soft,  it is non-conductive)

B. Ionic ( It is conductive and Non-volatile )

C. Covalent ( Soft, it is volatile )

D. Covalent ( volatile, soluble in cyclohexane )

2.

a) C is volatile and soft , so has lowest M.P. amongst unknowns.

b) 1st Highest M.P. = LiF ; Bond type : Ionic ; d EN= 3.0

2nd M.P. = CO ; Bond type : Polar conalent    ; d EN= 0.9

3rd M.P. = H2 ; Bond type : Non-Polar conalent ; d EN= 0.0

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