Question

you have just diagnosed a patient with type I diabetes and another patient with type II diabetes.

You need to tell each patient:

1. The diagnostic testing that has led you to confirm this diagnosis.
2. What the medical management of their diabetes type will consist of.
3. What happened pathophysiologically to cause this disorder.
4. Some complications they should watch for.
5. Three health promotion tips you can offer them.

Answer 1

Type 1 diabetes

Diagnosis

Presence of autoantibody helps to identify type 1 diabetis.

Insulin is not produced as beta cells are damaged by autoimmune reaction.

Medical management

life long insulin therapy

Pathophysiology

immune system attacks insulin producing beta cells

Continue to attack until pancreas are incapable of producing insulin

Prevention of complications

Regular exercise and diet management

Compliance to the insulin therapy.

Regular checkup and follow up

3 health promotion tips

Early diagnosis and treatment to prevent further damage to beta cells.

Maintaining proper timing for food consumption, insulin administration and exercise to avoid hypo or hyperglycemia.

Regular monitoring

Type 2 diabetes

diagnosis

Insulin is produced unlike type 1 diabetis but intracellular reactions are diminished making insulin less effective.

Diagnosed by random blood glucose monitoring, or Hba1c level

Pathophysiology

Decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin

Impaired regulation of glucose by liver

Deacrease in beta cell function.

Prevention of complications

Stop smoking, lower blood fat and blood pressure

Regular monitoring of blood glucose level

Regular health checkup to rule out any complications at earliest and prevent further damage.

Regular exercise

Diabetic diet