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Researchers Vogel et al. (JAMA, 2006) reported the following findings about the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR), a study involving postmenopausal women who were at an increased risk for invasive breast cancer. Of the 9739 women randomly assigned to use tamoxifen daily, 158 developed invasive breast cancer sometime during the next five years, compared to 151 in the group of 10162 who were randomly assigned to use raloxifene daily. Is this an experiment or an observational study? Identify the explanatory and response variables. Also, identify whether each is categorical or quantitative. Organize the counts in a 2 × 2 table. Tamoxifen Raloxifene Total Developed cancer No cancer Total Round your answer to 4 decimal places, e.g. 0.0083. Find the observed difference in proportion of breast cancer cases between the tamoxifen and raloxifene users. difference - Answer *1: the absolute tolerance is +/-0.0002

State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses in words. Explain why it would be okay to use the theory-based method (that is, normal distribution based method) to find ap value for this study. we can use a theory-based approach because we have o We can use a theory-based approach because we have more than 10 in each cell of our two-way table. C We can use a theory-based approach because we have less than 10 in each cell of our two-way table. We can use a theory-based approach because we have more than 20 in each cell of our two-way table. Use an appropriate applet to find and report the standardized statistic and theory-based p-value from the data. Round standardized statistic to 2 decimal places, eg. 0.83 and p-value to 4 decimal places, e.g. O,0083. Standardized statistic zl Theory-based p-value L Answer *1: the absolute tolerance is +/-0.01 1-1 t2 Answer *2: the absolute tolerance is +/-0.01

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