Question

11) Which of these cells are the least likely to be removed by apoptosis? a) Harmful cell b) Damaged cells c) Unwanted cells d) All these cells should be removed by apoptosis unless apoptosis control is deranged. 12) Which pigment is an endogenous brown or dark brown present in the skin and hair? a) Melanin b) Lipofuscin c) Carbon d) Bilirubin e) None of the above 13) Knowing the annual incidence rate of a disease is an important parameter to estimate the prevalence of which type of diseases given the same efforts in primary prevention level? a) Acute (b) Chronic 14) Which of the following statements is/are best applying to cell adaptations? a) Processes that cells carry in an attempt to maintain homeostasis b) Cellular responses to changes solely coming from the outside of the body c) Processes that are always irreversible d) Processes that prevent cell undergoing pathological changes e) b and c

Answer 1

11. All these cells should be removed by apoptosis unless apoptosis control is deranged. Apoptosis is programmed cell death.

12. Melanin is the pigment which is responsible for the colour of skin and hair. Melanocytes are the cells which secrete melanin pigment and thus give hypo and hyper pigmentation.

13. Knowing the annual incidence rate of disease is an important parameter to estimate the prevalence of chronic disease given the same efforts in primary prevention level. Chronic diseases are those which stays for longer period of time.

14.The first statement processes that cells carry in an attempt to maintain homeostasis. Cellular processes that tend to maintain homeostasis indirectly works for cell adaptation