Question

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Answer 1

1ans). The two types of immune responses are listed below

a) the innate immune system

b) adaptive immune system

The innate immune system: it produces chemical mediators and chemical factors such as cytokines to pass the immune cells at the site of infection. This immune cells gets into action as soon as the antigen enters the body.

Adaptive immune system: first pathogens are eaten by monocytes. Receptor in the body identifies the antigen that is present on the surface of the cell. Pathogens are then attacked by T cells. Antibodies are then produced by the B cells.

2ans) One must wear gloves while handling infectious waste to prevent it from spreading.Infectious waste Should be handled carefully, should not touch any other object after handling the waste with the gloves. Remove the gloves And through them after dumping the waste. Infectious waste include surgical waste, needles, syrings, waste blood etc

3ans) Five stages of infectious disease are listed below

1) incubation stage

2) prodromal stage

3) illness stage

4) decline stage

5) convalescence stage

1) incubation stage: incubation period is the time period in which the organisms attack the body to the appearance of symptoms

2) prodromal stage: this is the next stage of infectious disease after incubation period. In this period the signs and symptoms of infection starts appearing completely because of the multiplication of pathogens.

4ans) The four items that are considered personal protective equipments are:

a) face masks: face mask help in protecting the face from harmful radiations and from inhaling bacteria

b) gloves: gloves decrease the chance of catching germs through hands

c) goggles: it keeps the eye and the area around the eye safe and prevents from chemicals getting into eyes

d) gowns: it prevents the person from getting infection if he gets in contact with the Infectious material

e) head covers etc

these are used to protect oneself from infections and hazardous chemicals
5ans) the factors that influence the hosts susceptibily are listed below

a)nutritional status

b)intercurrent disease

c) immunosupressive drugs

d)malignancy

e)pregnancy