Question

2. Analyze the structure and function of the placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid. 3. Determine obstetric history by using the two digit and five-digit systems. • GTPAL, GP 4. Differentiate presumptive, possible, and probable signs of pregnancy. • Based on assessment findings which sign of pregnancy is the mother experiencing 5. Calculate estimated date of birth (EDB) using Naegele's rule.

(class) Maternity & Women's health care - OB

Answer 1

2.Placenta

Structure:

Placenta is the main structure which delivers nutrients to the growing fetus.It is formed of chlorine and allantois disc shaped comprising of umbilical 2 arteries and an umbilical vein.It measures about 22 × 2.5cm in length and thickness.It consists of villous structures and has cotyledons or lobes .There are 20 lobes un the placenta.As it exhanges the impurity(carrying deoxygenated blood)from the fetus it looks dark red or bluish red in colors. It detaches from the maternal surface after birth of the baby I'm approximately 10 to 20 minutes.

Function:

• Providing nutrients to the fetus to grow
• Removes deoxygenated blood ,in simple it takes the function of gas exchange
• It can provide passive immunity to the fetus because of IgG immunoglobulin from mother.
• Fights infection
• Helps in regulation of hormones

Umblical cord

Structure

It measures about 50 to 55cm,tube like structure coiled with two arteries and one vein. It is developed from the yolks sac .The veins carry oxygenated blood and artery carries deoxygenated .It attaches to the placenta on chronic plate.Mesenchymal and epithelial stem cells are found in the umbilical cord lining

Function

• It mainly acts as a passage to exchange nutrients and remove wastes from the fetus
• Maternal circulation

Amniotic fluid

The amniotic fluid is covered by the amniotic sac which engulfs the fetus.

Function

• prevents friction
• Helps in movement
• Development of musculoskeletal system
• When a fetus swallows this fluid urine and the meconium are formed and gastrointestinal tract.