Question

anatomy and physiology 1 homework #1

Florida National University Anatomy and Physiology Homework #1: 1. Which is the only movable bone of the face? It forms a joint with another bone of the cranium. What is the most frequent pathology associated with this joint? 2-What is the most relevant function of the urinary system? In which cavity are the kidneys located? 3-Spleen is located in which specific region when the abdomen is divided in nine regions? To which system this organ pertains to? 4.What are the main important functions of the Merocrine or Eccrine glands? 5-Where are located the melanocytes and what is their main function? 6-What is the difference between vitiligo and albinism? 7-What does ABCD mean for the characterization of a melanoma? 8-What are the general stages or steps to produce endochondral ossification? Which bones develop this type of ossification? 9.Which bone receives the pituitary gland and what is the name of its marking that receives this gland? 10-What are the main important markings of the temporal bones? 11-What does myelomeningocele mean? What are the consequences? 12-Why women are generally shorter than men at maturity? What is the explanation of this in the physiology of bones?

Answer 1

5. Melanocytes are located in the stratum basale of the skin's epidermis, the inner ear, the uvea of the eye, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart. Their main function is to produce and distribute skin pigment melanin, which protects the skin.

6. Albinism is caused by genetic mutation and is an inherited condition, where the pigment cells, the melanocytes, are present but due to malfunctioning fail to produce enough melanin to give color to the skin. In vitiligo, melanocytes are killed off possibly because of some immune system malfunctioning.

7. ABCDEs for characterization of melanoma are:

• A: Asymmetry
• B: Border irregularity
• C: Color is not uniform
• D: Diameter is more than 6 mm
• E: Evolving size, shape, or color

8. Steps or stages to produce endochondral ossification are:

a)

• 1. Differentiation of mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes.
• 2. Formation of cartilage model of bony skeleton and perichondrium.
• 3. Penetration of capillaries into cartilage.

b) Almost all bones of the body except the flat bones of the skull, mandible, and clavicles develop this type of ossification.