Why are Gram positive cells more resistant to complement? Does complement work on Gram positive cells...
Why are Gram positive cells more resistant to complement? Does complement work on Gram positive cells in any way? Describe.
Homework Answers
The gram positive cells exhibit some very distinct characteristics from the gram negative cells. The gram positive bacteria are more resistant to the complement system because they do not have a complex outer membrane. The outer membrane of the gram negative cell is the prime focus for the complement attack. The gram positive cells have an outer most layer made up of peptidoglycans which is very thick for the complement attack. This cell wall acts as a barrier to the complement attack and make the cell more resistant to the serum antibiotics.
No, the complement system does not work on the gram positive cells. This is because of the serum resistant characteristics of the gram positive cells. The complement system is also termed as a complement cascade and it is a part of the major immune system of the body. It is activated directly by a pathogen and indirectly by any antibody that is bound by a pathogen. However, this activation fails to act on the gram positive cells because of its thick peptidoglycan cell wall. For example: a C5b-9 membrane attack complex is formed on the surface of pneumococcus that further inserts into the cell wall of the organism. However, the thick peptidoglycan cell wall inhibits the C5b-9 to reach the plasma membrane of the gram positive cells.
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Why are Gram positive cells more resistant to complement? Does
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1. Why are gram-negative bacterial more resistant than gram-positive bacteria to antimicrobial that attacks cytoplasmic targets?...
1. Why are gram-negative bacterial more resistant than gram-positive bacteria to antimicrobial that attacks cytoplasmic targets? After viewing the videos on Spirochaetes and Neisseria, answer the following question: 12. Name 2 similarities and 2 differences between spirochaetes and Neisseria organisms?
An antiseptic such as 70% alcohol dissolves lipids. It was observed that Gram-positive bacteria were more...
An antiseptic such as 70% alcohol dissolves lipids. It was observed that Gram-positive bacteria were more resistant to alcohol than Gram-negative bacteria. Is this an expected result? Why or why not, explain in detail.
QUESTIONS 1) Are acid fast cells gram positive or gram negative? Explain why it might be...
QUESTIONS 1) Are acid fast cells gram positive or gram negative? Explain why it might be difficult to determine the Gram reaction of acid fast cells. 2) What is the significance of the mycolic acid layer in the following contexts? A) To bacteria for survival and infection B) During the acid fast staining procedure QUESTIONS 1) What is the difference between a pure culture and a pure colony? Is a streaking for isolation plate a pure culture when your original...
QUESTIONS Predict the effect on Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells of the following mistakes made when performing...
QUESTIONS Predict the effect on Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells of the following mistakes made when performing a Grum stain. Consider cac mistake independently a. Failure to add the iodine. b. Failure to apply the decoloriser. 3 c. Failure to apply the safranin. d. Reversal of crystal violet and safranin stains. Both crystal violet and safranin are basic stains and may be used to do simple stairs on Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells. This being the case, explain how they end up...
Gram +ve Resistant Strains (%) 100 BOS Ribosome 90 50 Ribosome 80 Folate Pathway 70 DNA/RNA...
Gram +ve Resistant Strains (%) 100 BOS Ribosome 90 50 Ribosome 80 Folate Pathway 70 DNA/RNA Synthesis 60 Cell Wall Synthesis Fell Membrane Synercid Antibiotic (20 kg/ml) Apramycin Gentamicin Neomycin Streptomycin Tetracycline Minocycline Tigecycline Clindamycin Chloramphenicol Gram -ve 100 305 Ribosome 90 505 Ribosome Folate Pathway 70 DNA/RNA Synthesis Cell Wall Synthesis Resistant Strains (%) Antibiotic (20 wg/ml) Erythromycin Telithromycin Linezolid Sulfamethoxazole Apramycin Trimethoprim Gentamicin Ciprofloxacin Neomycin Novobiocin Streptomycin Rifampicin Tetracycline Vancomycin Meropenem Minocycline Cefotaxime Tigecycline Cephalexin Clindamycin Fosfomycin Chloramphenicol...
Discuss the structural differences and similarities between Gram positive and Gram negative cells using as much...
Discuss the structural differences and similarities between Gram positive and Gram negative cells using as much detail as possible and explain how the Gram stain works related to the structure of Gram positive and Gram negative cells. Use your own words.
just question D C) What is the color and shape of the yeast cells after Gram...
just question D
C) What is the color and shape of the yeast cells after Gram staining? Are yeast cells Gram positive or negative? D) Describe the staining pattern inside the yeast cells? Why is this pattern obtained for yeast cells but not for bacteria cells?
1. The Gram reaction; Gram Positive or Gram Negative 2. The shape of the cells; bacillus,...
1. The Gram reaction; Gram Positive or Gram Negative 2. The shape of the cells; bacillus, coccus, spiral 3. The typical arrangement of the cells; single, pairs, clusters, chains etc. Shape of cells Arrangement of cells Name of organism Gram Reaction Bacillus cereus Enterobacter aerogenes Enterococcus durans Escherichia coli Micrococcus luteus Senatra marcescens Staphylococcus epidermidis streptococcus Salivarius Klebsiella pmeumonia Salmonella entertidis Shigella Sonnei Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes *Hint: The organisms used in the Lab. are listed in the Safety Guidelines...
0/1 pts Incorrect Question 8 You have a mixture of gram positive and gram negative cells...
0/1 pts Incorrect Question 8 You have a mixture of gram positive and gram negative cells in culture. You prepare a slide from the culture and gram stain it, but when observing the sample using oil immersion, all cells appear purple. What is the likely technical reason why only purple- colored cells are observ ed? you forgot the mordant step O you killed the cells during heat fixation you forgot the decolorization step you forgot to add immersion oi
Questions What does the term "Acid Fa" mean? Are acid-Fast organisms Gram-positive or Gram- 2 Do...
Questions What does the term "Acid Fa" mean? Are acid-Fast organisms Gram-positive or Gram- 2 Do your results indicate that endospores are acid-fast? Explain. 3 Why is it best to use "old" cultures for this staining procedure? 4 When you stain your Mycobacterium smegmatis, some of the cells are red and others are blue. What does tell you about your culture?
1. Why are gram-negative bacterial more resistant than gram-positive bacteria to antimicrobial that attacks cytoplasmic targets? After viewing the videos on Spirochaetes and Neisseria, answer the following question: 12. Name 2 similarities and 2 differences between spirochaetes and Neisseria organisms?
QUESTIONS 1) Are acid fast cells gram positive or gram negative? Explain why it might be difficult to determine the Gram reaction of acid fast cells. 2) What is the significance of the mycolic acid layer in the following contexts? A) To bacteria for survival and infection B) During the acid fast staining procedure QUESTIONS 1) What is the difference between a pure culture and a pure colony? Is a streaking for isolation plate a pure culture when your original...
QUESTIONS Predict the effect on Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells of the following mistakes made when performing a Grum stain. Consider cac mistake independently a. Failure to add the iodine. b. Failure to apply the decoloriser. 3 c. Failure to apply the safranin. d. Reversal of crystal violet and safranin stains. Both crystal violet and safranin are basic stains and may be used to do simple stairs on Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells. This being the case, explain how they end up...
Gram +ve Resistant Strains (%) 100 BOS Ribosome 90 50 Ribosome 80 Folate Pathway 70 DNA/RNA Synthesis 60 Cell Wall Synthesis Fell Membrane Synercid Antibiotic (20 kg/ml) Apramycin Gentamicin Neomycin Streptomycin Tetracycline Minocycline Tigecycline Clindamycin Chloramphenicol Gram -ve 100 305 Ribosome 90 505 Ribosome Folate Pathway 70 DNA/RNA Synthesis Cell Wall Synthesis Resistant Strains (%) Antibiotic (20 wg/ml) Erythromycin Telithromycin Linezolid Sulfamethoxazole Apramycin Trimethoprim Gentamicin Ciprofloxacin Neomycin Novobiocin Streptomycin Rifampicin Tetracycline Vancomycin Meropenem Minocycline Cefotaxime Tigecycline Cephalexin Clindamycin Fosfomycin Chloramphenicol...
just question D
C) What is the color and shape of the yeast cells after Gram staining? Are yeast cells Gram positive or negative? D) Describe the staining pattern inside the yeast cells? Why is this pattern obtained for yeast cells but not for bacteria cells?
1. The Gram reaction; Gram Positive or Gram Negative 2. The shape of the cells; bacillus, coccus, spiral 3. The typical arrangement of the cells; single, pairs, clusters, chains etc. Shape of cells Arrangement of cells Name of organism Gram Reaction Bacillus cereus Enterobacter aerogenes Enterococcus durans Escherichia coli Micrococcus luteus Senatra marcescens Staphylococcus epidermidis streptococcus Salivarius Klebsiella pmeumonia Salmonella entertidis Shigella Sonnei Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes *Hint: The organisms used in the Lab. are listed in the Safety Guidelines...
0/1 pts Incorrect Question 8 You have a mixture of gram positive and gram negative cells in culture. You prepare a slide from the culture and gram stain it, but when observing the sample using oil immersion, all cells appear purple. What is the likely technical reason why only purple- colored cells are observ ed? you forgot the mordant step O you killed the cells during heat fixation you forgot the decolorization step you forgot to add immersion oi
Questions What does the term "Acid Fa" mean? Are acid-Fast organisms Gram-positive or Gram- 2 Do your results indicate that endospores are acid-fast? Explain. 3 Why is it best to use "old" cultures for this staining procedure? 4 When you stain your Mycobacterium smegmatis, some of the cells are red and others are blue. What does tell you about your culture?
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