Question

Discuss a kidney disorder.

2. What is the course of treatment for this disorder?

3. What is the diet for this disorder?

4. Which lab values and/or electrolytes should be monitored in kidney disorders?

5. What is polysterene sulfonate?

Answer 1

Kidneys : A pair of bean shaped organ located at the posterior wall of abdomen. The main function is removal of waste and excess water from body.

Kidney failure or end stage renal disease occurs when the kidneys do not function properly or sufficiently resulting in the accumulation of waste products and toxic materials.

Etiology

• Chronic kidney disease
• Inflammatory disease
• Blockage of urinary collecting system
• Chronic infections
• Genetic disorders

Symptoms

• Decreased urination
• Hematuria
• Nausea and vomiting
• Oedema on periorbital area, ankles and hand
• Itching
• Sleep disturbances
• Hypertension
• Anorexia

Treatment

• Dialysis
• Hemodialysis
• Peritoneal dialysis
• Transplant

Hemodialysis is process of removal of excessive waste products and water from the blood. It can be achieved by arterio venous (AV) fistula or AV graft. It can be done 3times a week for 3-5 or more hours each visit.

Peritoneal dialysis in which dialysis solution flow into the peritoneal or abdominal cavity through a catheter. Peritoneum act as filter.

Kidney transplant from either a living or brain dead person.

Common kidney disease are the following :

• Polycystic kidney disease
• Hypertensive nephrosclerosis
• Glomerulo nephritis
• Urinary tract infection
• Kidney stones
• Diabetic nephropathy

DASH (dietary approches to stop hypertension ) is approved by American heart association. If patient received hemodialysis it should not recommended.

Reduce salt level.

Avoid trans fat

Limit saturated fat

Avoid fried food

Low potassium

Lab values

• BUN 8-25mg /dl in chronic kidney disease it elevated
• Creatinine >9.6- 1.4mg /dl
• Potassium >3.5- 5.3mg/dl
• Sodium <135- 145mg/dl
• Bicarbonate< 22-26mg/dl
• pH< 7.35- 7.45mg/dl

Polystyrene sulfonate is used to treat hyperkalemia. It is potassium removing agent.