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ARY 6. emphysema IV. is the progressive long term lass of lung function usually due to smoking

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Ans) Emphysema: A condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness.

- There are three morphological types of emphysema:

1) centriacinar,

2) panacinar,

3) paraseptal.

- Centriacinar begins in the respiratory bronchioles and spreads peripherally mainly in the upper half of the lungs and is usually associated with long-standing cigarette smoking.

- Panacinar Emphysema: Involves entire respiratory acinus, from respiratory bronchiole to alveoli is expanded. Occurs more commonly in the lower lobes, especially basal segments, and anterior margins of the lungs. It is 1/20 as common as centricular emphysema. It is the type seen in alpha 1 - antitrypsin deficiency.

- Paraseptal emphysema refers to a morphological subtype of pulmonary emphysema located adjacent to the pleura and septal lines with a peripheral distribution within the secondary pulmonary lobule. The affected lobules are almost always subpleural, and demonstrate small focal lucencies up to 10 mm in size.

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