Question

Explain how diabetic retinopathy is caused, how it presents, and the how laser photocoagulation works.

Explain the physiological mechanism in which insulin therapy can lead to weigh gain.

Answer 1

Diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes.It is caused by prolonged high blood glucose levels .As time advances,high r glucose levels can weaken and damage the small blood vessels within the retina. This may cause haemorrhages, exudates and even swelling of the retina.

Photocoagulation is used in people who have developed new abnormal blood vessels at the back of the eye in the retina or in the drainage system within the eyeball. Laser photocoagulation uses the heat from a laser to seal or destroy abnormal, leaking blood vessels in the retina and thereby reduces the oxygen consumption of the retina and establishes a balance between the oxygen supply and demand.

Weight gain is a normal side effect of taking insulin. Insulin helps to control body sugar by assisting cells in absorbing glucose.This causes weight gain if the amount eaten by the patient t is more than the patient's need for the day.